1. Carboxylic Acids

2. Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids Esters

3. Cyclic Esters Are Known as Lactones Amides

4. Carboxylic acids have relatively high boiling points because of intermolecular hydrogen bonds Amides have the highest boiling points

5. Acidity

6. Substituent Effects on Acidity pK a = 4.46pK a = 4.19pK a = 3.47pK a = 3.41pK a = 2.16

7. Purifying an Acid by extraction

8. All carboxylic acid derivatives react by the same general mechanism The tetrahedral intermediate eliminates the weakest base tetrahedral intermediate

9. Reactions of Acyl Halides

10. Reactions of Acid Anhydrides

11. Reactions of Esters a hydrolysis reaction a transesterification

12. Fats and Oils Are Triesters of Glycerol

15. Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution of Carboxylic Acids Hydrolysis of Amides

16. The acyl halide can be used to prepare other carboxylic acid derivatives

17. Urea and Urethanes Urea is the diamide of carbonic acid. Urethanes are esters of a monoamide of carbonic acid.