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© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Science and Education Publishing. Table 1. Outside of normal limits: false positive and negative anti-tTg IgA antibodies (Adapted from reference [20]) False positive False negative 1 In face of Marsh 1 degree of intestinal injury Complete IgA deficiency 2 Autoimmune diseases: IBD, primary biliary cirrhosis, Good pasture’s syndrome, Wegener granulomatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, systemic sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, pemphigus Refractory CD 3 Non-autoimmune disease: connective tissue diseases, non-autoimmune cirrhosis, linear IgA dermatosis, herpes gestationis, vasculitis Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 4 Increased IgM rheumatic factor Age dependency, especially in the elderly 5 In face of positive anti-endomysial antibody In face of anti-tTg subepithelial deposits 6 Transient, fluctuating positivity During gluten-free diet 7 Childhood cerebral palsy Some non-atrophic CD patients 8 Infectious febrile diseases Transient, fluctuating negativity 9 End-stage heart failure Genetic risk Aaron Lerner et al. Anti-tTg-IgA is neither a Solved Problem nor a “closed case” in Celiac Disease Diagnosis. International Journal of Celiac Disease, 2017, Vol. 5, No. 3, 97-100. doi:10.12691/ijcd-5-3-1 © The Author(s) 2015. Published by Science and Education Publishing.