Assessment of Atrial Electromechanical Delay, Diastolic Functions, and Left Atrial Mechanical Functions in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus  Gurkan Acar, MD, Ahmet Akcay, MD, Abdullah Sokmen, MD, Mesut Ozkaya, MD, Ekrem Guler, MD, Gulizar Sokmen, MD, Hakan Kaya, MD, Alper Bugra Nacar, MD, Cemal Tuncer, MD  Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography  Volume 22, Issue 6, Pages 732-738 (June 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2009.03.028 Copyright © 2009 American Society of Echocardiography Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Measurement of time interval from the onset of P wave on surface electrocardiogram to the beginning of Am wave (PA) interval with TDI. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 2009 22, 732-738DOI: (10.1016/j.echo.2009.03.028) Copyright © 2009 American Society of Echocardiography Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 LA volumes measured in the apical 4-chamber views by means of 2-dimensional echocardiography. (A) LA maximum volume at end systole (53 mL). (B) LA volume before atrial systole, the beginning of the P wave of electrocardiogram (35 mL). (C) LA minimum volume at end diastole (21 mL). The calculated LA passive emptying fraction is 34%, and the LA active emptying fraction is 40%. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 2009 22, 732-738DOI: (10.1016/j.echo.2009.03.028) Copyright © 2009 American Society of Echocardiography Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Significant negative correlations between corrected interatrial electromechanical delay and global Em/Am ratio, index of diastolic function (r = 0.44, P < .001). Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 2009 22, 732-738DOI: (10.1016/j.echo.2009.03.028) Copyright © 2009 American Society of Echocardiography Terms and Conditions