The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

Unit XVI Nineteenth-Century Art Song “Out of my great sorrows I make my little songs.” —Heinrich Heine The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition 42. The Romantic Song German art song Lied, Lieder Schubert, “Gretchen am Spinnrade” Schumann, “Die Soldatenbraut” 41. The Romantic Song German art song, or Lied ( solo voice and piano), was one of most favored genres Plural is Lieder The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Types of Song Structure Strophic Through-composed forms (durchkomponiert) Modified strophic Schumann: “Die Soldatenbraut” Schubert: “Gretchen am Spinnrade” Type of Song Structure Strophic: same melody repeated with each stanza, or strophe, of poem Through-composed forms (durchkomponiert, in German): no repetitions of whole sections, music follows the story line Modified strophic: combines features of two other forms The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition The Lied German text Voice and piano Romantic composers of the genre: Schumann: “Die Soldatenbraut” Franz Schubert The Lied German-texted solo vocal song with piano accompaniment Romantic composers of the genre: Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms, Hugo Wolf, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, Clara Schumann, Amy Cheney Beach Robert Schumann Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel Amy Cheney Beach Johannes Brahms Clara Schumann The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition The Lied Song cycle Love and nature Romantic poets: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Heinrich Heine Popularity of the piano The Lied Song cycle: groups of Lieder unified in some way The poetry of the Lied exploits themes of love and nature Romantic poets: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Heinrich Heine Popularity of art song aided by emergence of the piano as universal household instrument The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

42. Schubert and the Lied Franz Schubert (1797–1828) Viennese composer Early musical prowess Socially shy Gifted songwriter Home and salon concerts Regional fame Death at an early age (31) from syphilis 42. Schubert and the Lied Franz Schubert (1797–1828) Viennese composer Early musical prowess Socially shy Gifted songwriter Music world centered in the home and salon concerts Not an internationally known virtuoso Death at an early age (31) from syphilis Schubert: “Gretchen am Spinnrade” The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Schubert’s Music Classical and Romantic traits Chamber music is late example of Viennese Classicism Piano works exhibit a new lyricism 600-plus songs Schubert’s Music Symphonies are Classical Lieder and piano pieces are wholly Romantic Chamber music is directly in line with Viennese Classicism Piano works exhibit a new lyricism More than 600 songs Schubert: String Quartet in C, III The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Schubert: Erlking (Erlkönig) (Listening Guide) Goethe Piano establishes atmosphere Four characters: narrator, father, son, Erlking One singer Through-composed Obsessive triplets in piano Erlking (Erlking) (Listening Guide) Masterpiece of Schubert’s youth Poem by Goethe Eerie atmosphere established by the piano Galloping of horse emulated by piano Poem’s four characters: narrator, father, son, Erlking, are all sung by one person Through-composed, music follows the action Obsessive triplets in piano drop out at end for dramatic effect Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

44. Robert Schumann and the Song Cycle “The singing voice is hardly sufficient in itself; it cannot carry the whole task of interpretation un-aided. In addition to its overall expression, the finer shadings of the poem must be represented as well – provided that the melody does not suffer in the process.” —Robert Schumann 43. Robert Schumann and the Song Cycle The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Robert Schumann (1810–1856) German composer and critic Neue Zeitschrift für Musik (New Journal for Music) Clara Wieck Married in 1840, against father’s wishes Clara as interpreter Periods of depression Final breakdown Institutionalized Died at 46 43. Robert Schumann and the Song Cycle Robert Schumann (1810–1856) German composer and critic Left law studies to pursue music Aspired to be a pianist, studied with Friedrich Wieck Physical difficulties with right hand ended piano career Turned to composition and music criticism Established journal Neue Zeitschrift für Musik (New Journal for Music) Courted Clara Wieck (16 years old) They were finally married in 1840, against father’s wishes Clara interpreted Robert’s compositions for piano Robert suffered increasing periods of depression Final breakdown was a failed attempt at suicide Institutionalized for last two years of life Died at 46 The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Schumann’s Music Impassioned melody, novel harmony, driving rhythms Literary meanings in music Lieder, wrote several song cycles Four symphonies Emotional exuberance, impassioned melody, novel harmony, driving rhythms Attached literary meanings to his music Prolific composer of Lieder, wrote several song cycles Four symphonies Schumann: “Die Soldatenbraut The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Schumann: “In the lovely month of May,” from A Poet’s Love (Dichterliebe) (Listening Guide) Song cycle, psychological progression 1st song in cycle Speaks of fragility of new love Strophic form Schumann: “And if the flowers knew,” from A Poet’s Love (Dichterliebe) (Listening Guide) Song cycle, psychological progression Comes from year of marriage, “year of song” 8th song in cycle Speaks of lovesick grief Modified strophic form, 4 verses Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition www.wwnorton.com/enjoy The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition