Nautel HD Radio Configuration for AM/FM Systems Philipp Schmid April 17, 2013

HD Radio Today Currently On air (Feb 28, 2013) AM 258 FM HD1 1782 HD2 1148 HD3 270 HD4 28 Total Multicast: 1446 Total AM/FM stations currently on the air: 2040 (AM + FM-HD1) Total HD Channels: 3486 (AM + HD1 + HD2 = HD3 + HD4) HD Radio will be standard feature in most cars by 2015

HD Radio Services Multiple audio streams – multicasting PSD – Program Service Data iTunes tagging Traffic services Weather/Doppler maps Artist Experience: Album Art Nautel Demoed at NAB2012

data carriers QPSK ref carriers BPSK FM Modes MP1, MP2, MP3 data carriers QPSK ref carriers BPSK

FM IBOC Bit Rates MP1 MP3 Logical Channel Bit Rate Robust-ness P1 98.4kbps 2 PIDS 0.9kbps 3 Logical Channel Bit Rate Robust-ness P1 98.4kbps 2 P3 24.8kbps 4 PIDS 0.9kbps 3 MP1 is default without importer 1 audio, no data services PIDS: Carries station information (SIS) Call sign, slogan, emergency alert logic channels can be divided across HD-1,2,3,4 Stereo (32kbps+), mono(16 kbps), parametric stereo (24kbps) MP3 can allow for up to 4 audio streams P1: HD-1,2,3 P3: HD-4 P3 conflicts with 92kHz SCA P3 is low robustness, can drop out

AM Mode MA1 (30 KHz BW) 5 kHz AM audio BW secondary, tertiary carriers add audio quality 20.2 kbps+ 16.2 kbps

AM Mode reduced BW MA1 only primary carriers 8 kHz AM audio BW parametric stereo HD-1

AM Mode all digital MA3 20 kHz BW 20.2kbps+ 20.2kbps

AM Mode all digital MA3 single channel mode 10 kHz BW

Nautel HD Radio Exciters AM/FM NeIBOC OBSOLETE FM VS Series VSHD adapter DAC AD9779 FM M50 for V Transmitters/Other AM NX Series integrated exciter FM NV Series integrated exciter with HD PowerBoost AM IBOC Exciter for XR/Jazz

Nautel HD Radio Exgine Exgine within NV exciter Ethernet E2X in IBOC signal out

Nautel ExporterPlus Captures/Encodes HD-1 audio, sent to exgine over IP Delays the analog FM audio to match System time keeper via GPS Receives importer data Receives program service data

Nautel ImporterPlus Captures/Encodes HD-2/3/4 audio, sent to exporter over IP Interfaces to data applications Bandwidth allocation manager

3rd Generation IBOC Architecture HD-2,3,4 lan stl audio stl unidirectional bidirectional exporter synchronize main program diversity delay gps codec studio automation importer digital exciter ethernet exgine iboc modulation fm processing digital upconversion transmitter remote control RF path HD proc audio proc E2X Protocol FM / HD-1 Architecture requires 2 types of studio transmitter links (STL): Analog FM Broadcast Audio link normally 44.1kHz digital AES, may be dropped to 32kHz AES Digital general purpose LAN STL for E2X protocol carries multiplexed exciter data packets requires reliable data delivery carries clock packets for synchronization requires predictable latency we see an increasing use of Ethernet based STLs to carry audio traffic conceptually they are two STL paths most equipment moved back to studio – cleans up transmitter site after modulation we have a time varying signal that could be sample rate converted again. But this does not solve the problem of buffer management. diversity delay at the studio adds robustness to the audio content across the STL Challenge exporter not considered studio equipment due to challenges of reliably carrying the HD traffic across the STL cannot be rate converted at exciter <> needs locked processing rates 14

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