City of Abilene Pavement Condition Survey 2017 Results and Discussion Fugro Roadware, Inc. Paul McLandrich Graduate Engineer March 23rd, 2017

Topics of Discussion Project Objectives Project Background and Equipment The Pavement Condition Index Network Condition Results Maintenance Strategies and Costs Budget Scenarios Policy Direction Discussion Next Steps…

Project Objectives Perform a comprehensive pavement condition inventory for all roads within City jurisdiction 629+ Centerline miles 717+ Survey miles Develop network inventory geographical database (GIS) Calculate Pavement Condition Index (PCI) for each street Import condition data into Cartegraph PMS Software Develop and program long-term pavement maintenance and rehabilitation strategies Develop budget funding scenarios based on the City’s current budget, and future needs

Network breakdown by Functional Classification Project Background Network breakdown by Functional Classification

Project Background

Pavement Condition Index

Network Condition Results Most Common Pavement Distress Types Found in the City of Abilene Pavement Condition Survey Alligator Cracking Edge Cracking Block Cracking Potholes Surface Raveling Different distress are caused by different factors and need to be repaired differently

Network Condition Results Alligator (Fatigue) Cracking Dense pattern of surface cracks Cracks go through the full depth of the asphalt Typically a sign of thin pavement or heavy traffic Cracks are active Cracks reappear quickly in thin surfaces Difficult to repair with out removing a lot of material

Network Condition Results Edge Cracking Alligator cracking pattern at the pavement edge Usually caused by lack of material or erosion of base More common without curb or shoulder Quickly damages thin surfaces Localized repairs work for a few years Deep patching and base repairs before resurfacing

Network Condition Results Block Cracking Low density cracking that forms rectangular blocks Typical block size measures 2-6 ft Cracks don’t often move and are usually covered with a thin pavement surface

Network Condition Results Potholes Common in deteriorated areas of pavement Characterized by portions of missing surface Causes poor riding surface (and complaints) Temporary repairs don’t last long Local full depth repairs can be effective

Network Condition Results Surface Raveling Loose material in the pavement surface Characterized by a crumbling surface Not pleasant for bikes and other small wheel traffic Causes slippery roads Often repaired with thin surface

Network Condition Results Functional Class Average PCI % of Network Arterial 69.8 16% Collector 70.8 22% Local 45.6 62% Overall Average 50.1 (Borderline “Good”) PCI Including Capital Improvements = 50.4

Network Condition Results (16%) (22%) (62%)

Maintenance Strategies and Costs Pavement Management The goal of pavement management is to apply the right treatment, to the right pavement, at the right time Developing an inventory Collecting consistent, complete, and accurate pavement condition data Monitoring the network to evaluate deterioration and benefits of treatments Predict future conditions and costs

Maintenance Strategies and Costs Crack Sealing Reduces rate of deterioration Prevents water infiltration Keeps loose material attached Used on non-active cracks Usual life 2-4 years Cost – $0.84/sq. ft.

Maintenance Strategies and Costs Chip Seal Prevents water from penetrating road surface Fill and seals cracks and raveled pavements Provides a highly ski- resistant surface Good for low-speed roads Low cost compared to overlay Life expectancy 5-7 years Cost - $0.75/sq. ft.

Maintenance Strategies and Costs Microsurfacing Similar to a slurry seal Emulsion without aggregate, “sealant” Premium aggregate allows for use on high speed roads Emulsion often contains latex Fills small ruts Surface should have limited cracking Life expectancy 2 to 5 years Cost - $0.91/sq.ft.

Maintenance Strategies and Costs Patching Reduces rate of deterioration Simple fix for problems like potholes Localized problem repairs Used as a temporary repair before new surfaces or to address safety concerns Usual life 2-4 years Patching - $4/sq. ft.

Maintenance Strategies and Costs Mill & Overlay Covers complete surface and removes previous defects Can greatly improve surface smoothness Can be used to improve structural capacity Deep environmental distress may still reflect Usual life 12-20 years With regular maintenance! Cost $4.12/sq. ft.

Maintenance Strategies and Costs Pavement Reconstruction Usually last choice as it is the most expensive Removes all defects and allows for longer life Allows for repair of underlying utilities Repair or placement of additional granular materials Complete repair of all issues Usual life 20-35 years With regular maintenance! Cost - $11.41/sq. ft.

Maintenance Strategies and Costs Budget Inputs – Unit Costs Treatment Unit Cost (/ft2) Impact Asphalt Pavement (AC) Crack Sealing $0.84 PCI increases by 5% Microsurfacing $0.91 PCI increases by 30 Chip Seal $0.85 PCI is set to 90 AC Mill and Overlay $4.12 PCI is set to 100 Full Depth Reconstruction $11.41 Concrete Pavement (PCC) $0.01 Crack Sealing/Joint Repair $1.22 PCI increases by 8% Slab Repair/Mud Jacking $4.01 PCC Pavement Reconstruction $13.35

Maintenance Strategies and Costs Condition vs. Treatment Cost

Maintenance Strategies and Costs Network Backlog Surface Activity Unit Cost Total Cost % Total AC Crack Seal $0.84 4,223,297.23 1% Micro-Surface $0.91 10,297,690.60 3% Chip Seal $0.85 17,137,761.36 5% Mill and Overlay $4.12 46,068,640.16 12% Reconstruction $11.41 294,137,411.65 78% Total $371,864,801.00 PCC Crk Seal & Joint Repair $0.01 570,554.24 0.2% Slab Repair & MudJacking $1.22 1,876,591.03 0.5% CPR & Overlay $4.01 736,178.68 $13.35 2,120,213.44 $5,303,537.39 Total Backlog $377,168,338.39

Budget Scenarios Results Comparison – Collectors and Arterials

Budget Scenarios Five-year Trend - $700k Annual Budget

Budget Scenarios Five-year Trend - $5M Annual Budget

Policy Direction Discussion Case Study Worst-first vs. Benefit-Cost Analysis In a W-F approach, pavement sections are ranked according to their condition score In the BCA approach, sections are ranked according to their benefit-to-cost ratio Sections are then selected for treatment according to their ranking until the available budget is depleted W-F & BCA approaches are compared based on: Average lane miles in good condition per year Net backlog of projects at the end of the analysis period M&R Types Maintenance: Preventative maintenance (e.g., chip seal, microsurfacing) Rehabilitation: Light, Medium, & Heavy Rehab. (e.g., mill & overlay)

Policy Direction Discussion Case Study Worst-first vs. Benefit-Cost Analysis PM = Preventative Maintenance LR = Light Rehabilitation MR= Medium Rehabilitation HR = Heavy Rehabilitation

Policy Direction Discussion Case Study Worst-first vs. Benefit-Cost Analysis

Policy Direction Discussion Case Study Worst-first vs. Benefit-Cost Analysis W-F tends to favor major rehabilitation projects (very costly projects) BCA approach tends to favor maintenance projects that are more cost-effective in the long-term Worst-first Approach $5 per sq.ft. to raise PCI from 30 to 100 14 PCI Increase per $1 spent (70 PCI / $5) Benefit-Cost Approach $1 per sq.ft. to raise PCI from 70 to 100 30 PCI Increase per $1 spent (30 PCI / $1) When maintenance and rehabilitation share a single combined budget, the worst-first approach produces less lane-miles in good condition and more backlog than the cost benefit approach

Questions?