Morning blood pressure surge (A), HR increase in the morning (B), cfPWV (C), sympathetic BRS (D), and cardiovagal BRS (E) in elderly hypertensive subjects with morning surge ≥35 mmHg and those with morning surge <35 mmHg. Morning blood pressure surge (A), HR increase in the morning (B), cfPWV (C), sympathetic BRS (D), and cardiovagal BRS (E) in elderly hypertensive subjects with morning surge ≥35 mmHg and those with morning surge <35 mmHg. Values are means ± SE. Yoshiyuki Okada et al. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013;305:H793-H802 ©2013 by American Physiological Society