PSY 714 Instructor: Emily E. Bullock, Ph.D. Krumboltz’s Theory PSY 714 Instructor: Emily E. Bullock, Ph.D.

Krumboltz’s Theory: Intro Considered to be a learning theory Derived from the general learning theory of Bandura which has roots in reinforcement theory, classical behaviorism, and cognitive information processing Assumes that people’s personalities and behavioral repertoires can be explained most usefully on the basis of their unique learning experiences while still acknowledging the role played by innate and developmental processes.

Krumboltz’s Theory: Intro Social learning theory’s two major types of learning experiences Instrumental Learning experiences Associative Learning experiences Self Efficacy theory Efficacy expectations Outcome expectations

Krumboltz’s Theory: Intro Conceptualized as One theory with Two parts Part 1: Krumboltz’s social learning theory of career decision making Explains the origins of career choice Part 2: Krumboltz’s learning theory of career counseling Explains what career counselors can do about many career related problems

Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making (SLTCDM) Designed to address the WHY behind decisions to enter, change, or express interest in educational programs or occupations Four factors that influence the career decision making path Genetic endowment and special abilities Environmental conditions and events Learning Experiences Task Approach skills

Krumboltz’s (SLTCDM) As a result of the interaction of the four skills people develop 1) self-observation generalizations 2) world-view generalizations As a result of learning experiences and the generalizations and skills that develop from them, individuals engage in various behaviors that lead to entry into a career

Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Career Counseling Designed to help career counselors know what to do to help Four Fundamental trends People need to expand their capabilities and interest, not base decisions on existing characteristics only People need to prepare for changing work tasks, not assume that occupations will remain stable People need to be empowered to take action, not merely to be given a diagnosis Career counselors need to play a major role in dealing with all career problems, not just occupational selection

Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Career Counseling Overall Goal of the Theory: “to facilitate the learning of skills, interests, beliefs, values, work habits and personal qualities that enable each client to create a satisfying life within a constantly changing work environment” View of Assessment Krumboltz’s Career Beliefs Inventory

Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Career Counseling Intervention Components of the Theory Developmental and preventive Targeted and remedial

Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Career Counseling Planned Happenstance and flexibility Indecision vs. Open-mindedness The restrictiveness of congruence Evaluating effectiveness Has the client engaged in new learning activities? Has the client made efforts to create a more satisfying life? Evaluating Krumboltz’s Theory How does it compare to other theories?