New York City Independent Budget Office Education Team Concentration of Student NEED Within the NYC Public School System Presentation To The Donors Education Collaborative June 15, 2017 New York City Independent Budget Office Education Team

K – 12 Education in NYC: Three Sectors NYC Independent Budget Office June, 2017 K – 12 Education in NYC: Three Sectors Over 340,000 Students Are Enrolled in Non-Public or Public Charter Schools; 26% of the Population Sector Enrollment, 2016-17 % of Population Grades K - 5 DOE 444,121 72% Charter 60,481 10% NPS 114,746 19% Grades 6 - 8 206,604 73% 25,442 9% 52,876 Grades 9 - 12 313,407 78% 18,624 5% 69,634 17% Total K - 12 964,132 74% 104,547 8% 237,256 18% Race/ Ethnicity DOE Schools Charter Schools NPS Total Hispanic 40.9% 36.6% 13.4% 35.2% Black 24.6% 54.9% 11.7% 24.1% Asian 16.7% 2.4% 5.8% 13.7% White 15.7% 4.1% 64.8% 24.4% Native American 0.9% 0.1% 0.8% Multi-Racial 0.7% 4.2% 1.5%

Zoning and Choice - Elementary NYC Independent Budget Office June, 2017 Zoning and Choice - Elementary Citywide, more than three quarters of all K-5 seats, 77 percent, are zoned. 23% are designated “choice.” 29 percent of all K – 5 Students do not attend their zoned school – thus, families are not only availing themselves of “choice” seats, but also available slots in schools that are nominally “zoned.” Both Family and System Preferences are Constrained: The DOE’s ability to adjust school zones and capacity limits at some highly popular zoned schools means that residing at a particular address may not guarantee a seat in a particular school. At the same time, the system’s ability to manage the mix of students at a particular school is constrained by parents’ ability to select a school of their choice.

Choice – Middle and High School NYC Independent Budget Office June, 2017 Choice – Middle and High School Much more choice at the middle school level. We estimate that about 41% of middle schoolers are in schools that are primarily zoned or unscreened; almost as many are in schools that are primarily screened and 15% are in schools that give preference to students who attend an open house or otherwise show interest. High Schools are almost entirely schools of choice and this system has been extensively researched by folks at NYU and the Center for NYC Affairs; we have taken our own look. Generally: Students at Different Achievement Levels Apply to Different Types of High Schools Middle School of Attendance Appears to Have an Impact on Student HS Choices. Thus, High Schools vary greatly in the make-up of their entering classes.

NYC Independent Budget Office June, 2017 Third graders Who Score the Lowest on the 3rd Grade Math Exam are Clearly Over-Represented in 9% of Schools; 25% of schools have few of these students.

NYC Independent Budget Office June, 2017 12th Grade - 93 Percent of Advanced Regents Grads Come From Just 25 Percent of Schools

NYC Independent Budget Office June, 2017 Students in Shelters and Doubled-Up Housing Concentrated in Small Portion of NYC Schools SOURCE: IBO Analysis of Department of Education Data, 2013-2014 NOTES: Based on 1669 schools; does not include students in special education schools and programs (District 75), alternative education programs (District 79) and charter schools (District 84). Schools ranked in descending order by number of students in shelters. New York City Independent Budget Office

NYC Independent Budget Office June, 2017 Just Less Than 9 % of DOE Students Live NYCHA. In 123 Schools, NYCHA Residents Range From More Than 33% to 87% of Enrollment In 1,259 schools, between 0 and 35% of K-8 students reside in NYCHA (8% on average). In 123 schools, between 36% to 87% of K-8 students reside in NYCHA (50% on average).

Students Who Live in Low-SES Neighborhoods NYC Independent Budget Office June, 2017 Students Who Live in Low-SES Neighborhoods Four Characteristics of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status: Median Household Income Educational Attainment: Percent of Residents with a Bachelor’s Degree Violent Felony Crime Rate Drug and Alcohol Hospitalization Rate We define student’s neighborhoods as having low-SES if the neighborhood has at least one of the four low-SES characteristics: the bottom quartile of income or educational attainment; or the top quartile of drug/alcohol hospitalization or violent crime.

More Than Half, 56 Percent, of Low-SES Students are Concentrated in 25 Percent of Elementary Schools 56 percent of low-SES students attend 25 percent of elementary schools 44 percent of low-SES students attend 75 percent of elementary schools

Half of Low-SES Students are Concentrated in 25 Percent of Middle Schools 50 percent of low-SES students attend 25 percent of middle schools 50 percent of low-SES students attend 75 percent of middle schools

More Than Half, 53 Percent, of Low-SES Students are Concentrated in 25 Percent of High Schools