Gaps assessment in GAIA-CLIM The GAIA-CLIM project (2015-2018) …aims to improve the use of non-satellite measurements to characterize, calibrate and validate satellite climate data records of Essential Climate Variables The Gaps Assessment … serves to formulate remedies to a set of identified key user needs

GAIA-CLIM project – the what Aims to ensure best metrological practices followed Makes use of statistical, modelling and data assimilation tools Principal user outcomes A Virtual Observatory (‘VO tool’) (2) Documentation of gaps and remedies with prioritization

BK Scientific 18 partners

GAIA-CLIM scientific components Mapping and assessing observational capabilities Improving metrological characterization of measurements Quantifying co-location mismatch effects Using data assimilation as integrators Serving match-ups with uncertainties via a Virtual Observatory

Example of a key GAIA-CLIM results 1. Traceability chains As a first step to the production of metrologically traceable estimates, traceability chains have been produced for set of instrument techniques: Lidars, MWR, FTS, UV/vis, MAX-DOAS / Pandora, and GNSS-PW

2. GRUAN data processor - Takes a GRUAN Vaisala RS92 radiosonde profile, which includes a metrologically traceable uncertainty estimate at every point in the profile - Converts the profile and its uncertainty into an equivalent TOA radiative profile and uncertainty (with assumptions on the non-T,q,P components) - Enables a comparison between the satellite and GRUAN measurement at Level-2 and Level-1b Ongoing work Still better account in the uncertainty for correlated / random / partially correlated terms

Gaps assessment The GAIA-CLIM gap assessment process basically uses a 3-step approach Step 1 (2015) Identification of unfulfilled user needs (gaps) What are key issues for users of non-satellite measurements? Step 2 (2016) The formulation of remedies How to resolve these gaps practically? Step 3 (2017) Review and consolidation of the user needs and the proposed remedies and further prioritization Collection of reviews by stakeholders (NOW)

Gaps assessment GAID - Gaps Assessment and Impacts Document – A living document Online catalogue http://www.gaia-clim.eu/page/gap-reference-list The possibility - will be created shortly - to interact with the project team and provide your comments online on the formulated user needs and proposed remedies Important Note A gaps assessment builds on the existing (knowledge) infrastructure. Care should be taken not to (accidently) create new gaps while resolving the identified gaps

Cross-sections through the gaps and proposed remedies As provided in GAID and catalogue Gaps Gap Type Instrument technique ECV Validation aspects addressed Remedies Remedy Type Relevance / Outcome of Success Scale of Work / Time bound / Costs Potential actor(s)

Gap types and remedy types As provided in GAID and catalogue Gap types Gaps in Spatiotemporal Coverage Gaps in the Coverage of the Vertical Domain and/or in Vertical Resolution Gaps in the Measurement Uncertainty Gaps in the Comparator Uncertainty Technical gaps Parameter gaps Governance gaps Remedy types Technical work Laboratory work Scientific research (Instrument) Deployment Governance Education/Training

Gaps with proposed remedies (1) G1.10 - Relative paucity and geographical concentration of reference quality measurements, with limited understanding of uncertainty in remaining measurements, limits ability to formally close satellite to non-satellite comparisons Remedies proposed (1 and 2) (R1) Improved characterisation of high quality instrumentation (scientific) Developments for the improved metrological understanding for a broad range of instrumentation   (R2) Steps to realise benefits of a system of systems approach to observing strategies (scientific) Better propagating information across observing networks

Gaps with proposed remedies (1) G1.10 - Relative paucity and geographical concentration of reference quality measurements, with limited understanding of uncertainty in remaining measurements, limits ability to formally close satellite to non-satellite comparisons Remedies proposed (3 and 4) (R3) Improved quantification of the impacts of geographical gaps (technical) Robust scientific basis to assess the impacts of current gaps to aid decision makers in deciding how and where to expand reference network capabilities   (R4) Instigation and propagation of high quality reference network research infrastructures in data sparse regions (deployment) Paucity of high-quality reference network observational infrastructures in many areas of the globe for reasons of logistics, skills, geopolitics, and funding etc.

Gaps with proposed remedies (2) G6.12 - Under-capacity of workforce to exploit satellite data and satellite characterisation Remedies proposed (R1) Undergraduate, masters and doctoral training programs in Copernicus-relevant programs (Education/training) The exploitation of Copernicus data and services requires the training of a competent workforce of data providers, analysts, managers and service provision experts   (R2) Instigate formal qualification of competency in provision of Copernicus services (Education/training) Ensure that users can be confident of competency of service provider to deliver relevant information services

The GAID and prioritization process GAID - Gaps Assessment and Impacts Document – living document and online catalogue http://www.gaia-clim.eu/page/gap-reference-list * Currently 43 gaps with one or more remedy are described Who is the document for? Approaches to gap selection / presentation By impact By priority By time to resolution By likely cost Subset of gaps (ideally 10-15 single or family/clustered) to ensure actionable? With prioritization and justification Clear linkages between recommendations

Discussion / Suggestions Better formulation of key user needs Missing or inappropriate gaps Review and Improvement on proposed remedies Other suggestions for potential actor(s) Your feedback invited directly in the online catalogue of gaps http://www.gaia-clim.eu/page/gap-reference-list