Tech Level Cyber Security Operating Systems, Client Devices

Pre-Reading Recap Client Devices: Laptop Tablet Computer Mobile Phone Printers Network Attached Storage The purpose and use of Operating Systems What are the following devices used for? PC Laptop Tablet Computer Mobile Phone Printers Network Attached Storage How do they each connect to a network? What is an Operating System? What does it do? What is the importance of an Operating System?

Learning Objectives examine a range of operating systems including: Microsoft Windows Apple Mac OSX Android Linux Unix.

Assessment Outcomes 3G – Types of operating system and their function 3H – The purpose of operating systems 3I – The purpose of access to operating systems via a command line interface

Operating Systems An operating system is "the name given to the collection of systems software that manages the computer". The actual facilities provided by an operating system will very much depend upon the design and type of facilities needed by a particular set-up. The needs of the following systems will all vary. They can generally be split into two categories: Personal Computer Operating System Multi-User Computer Operating System http://www.computerhope.com/os.htm

Operating Systems: Personal Computer A Personal Operating Systems is an operating system that typically allows only one user at a time to use the computer. Examples of Personal Operating Systems include: MAC OSX Windows 8 Windows 10

Operating Systems: Multi-User Computer Multi-user - A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to use the same computer at the same time and different times. Examples of operating systems that would fall into this category are: Linux Unix Windows 2000

Individual Lab Activity Compare and Contrast the following operating systems for a personal computer: Windows 10 Mac OSX Linux (Ubuntu) You need to explain: The advantages and disadvantages of each OS: Price Availability Market Share Software Licenses MAC vs PC vs Linux Pros and Cons of each You should then make a general comment and explain a scenarios where each operating system is appropriate (this will require 3 scenarios)

Lab Activity Compare and Contrast the following operating systems for a personal computer: Windows 10 Mac OSX Linux (Ubuntu) nashnetworks.ca/pros-cons-and-costs-of- operating-systems.htm diffen.com/difference/Mac_vs_PC (compares PC and Mac) informatics-tech.com/linux-vs-mac-vs- windows-unbiased-comparison.html (Linux vs Mac vs Windows)

Why would you access an operating system via a command line interface? GUI with it's ability to display text using different fonts as well as to display graphic, provides  more capabilities than restrictive character-based interface. Nevertheless the character interface is really important and considered classic from another point of view: it is more programmable and more powerful than any GUI can ever be. Command-line interfaces are better for more complex actions, which you want to repeat (and possibly automate) and when you need to operate with many objects. They are closer to the advantages of Unix style command line shell operations which utilize advantage of human capacity for expressing complex thoughts in the artificial subject oriented language. GUIs are better for using direct manipulation, and for using the selected object to narrow down the range of possible actions. GUIs take more advantage of our ability to quickly perceive and interact with images.

Advantages of a command line interface Even though new users seem to learn GUIs more quickly to perform common operations, carefully developed CLIs have several advantages: All options and operations are invoked in consistent form, while with GUIs similar operations often appear on different menus with different interfaces and different applications have different approaches. All options and operations are documented (or should be), meaning that it is no more difficult to perform a rare operation than a common one. CLIs double as scripting languages (see shell script) and can perform operations in a batch processing mode without user interaction. That means that once an operation is analyzed, it can be saved in a script and consistently performed without further effort. With GUIs, users must start over at the beginning every time, as GUI scripting is more limited (and often nonexistent). Simple commands do not even need a script, as the completed command can usually be assigned a name and executed simply by typing that name into the CLI.

Ease Control Multitasking Speed Resources Scripting Topic Command line (CLI) GUI Ease Due to a higher degree of memorization and familiarity needed for operation and navigation, new users find operating a command line interface more difficult than a GUI. Because a GUI is much more visually intuitive, new users almost always pick up this interface faster than a CLI. Control Users have more control over both the file and operating systems in a command line interface. For example, users can copy a specific file from one location to another with a one-line command. Although a GUI offers ample access to the file and operating system, advanced tasks may still need to utilize the command line. Multitasking Although many command line environments are capable of multitasking, they do not offer the same ease and ability to view multiple things at once on one screen. GUI users have windows that enable a user to view, control, manipulate, and toggle through multiple programs and folders at same time. Topic Command line (CLI) GUI Speed Command line users only need to utilize their keyboards to navigate the interface. Additionally, they often only need to execute a few lines to perform a task. Using both a mouse and keyboard to navigate and control your operating or file system is going to be much slower than someone who is working in a command line. Resources A computer that is only using the command line takes a lot less of the computer's system resources than a GUI. A GUI requires more system resources because of the elements that require loading, such as icons and fonts. Video, mouse, and other drivers need to be loaded, taking up additional system resources. Scripting A command line interface enables a user to script a sequence of commands to perform a task or execute a program. Although A GUI enables a user to create shortcuts, tasks, or other similar actions, it doesn't even come close in comparison to what is available through a command line. Topic Command line (CLI) GUI Remote access When accessing another computer or device over a network, a user can only manipulate the device or its files with a command line interface. Although remote graphical access is possible. Not all computers and network equipment has this ability. Diversity After you've learned how to navigate and use a command line, it's not going to change as much as a new GUI. Although new commands may be introduced, the original commands always remain the same. Each GUI has a different design and structure when it comes to performing different tasks. Even different iterations of the same GUI, such as Windows, can have hundreds of different changes between each version. Strain The command line allows the user to keep their hands on the keyboard, almost never touching the mouse. Moving back and forth between a keyboard and mouse can cause additional strain and may help contribute to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Although shortcut keys can help reduce the amount of times you have move from the keyboard to the mouse, you will still be moving much more between devices in a GUI.

Why would you access an operating system via a command line interface? Complete the graded exercises http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000 619.htm http://tuxarena.blogspot.com/2009/04/pro s-and-cons-for-using-cli.html https://www.quora.com/What-are-the- advantages-and-disadvantages-of- Command-Line-Interface http://www.softpanorama.org/OFM/gui_vs _command_line.shtml

Graded Exercises Merit: When completing the merit grade questions you will need to use the Internet to research different network hardware – we have not covered this yet

Pre-Reading Network Topologies Network Software Network Hardware Star Bus Ring Network Software Firewalls Anti Virus Spyware Anti Malware Network Hardware Workstations Mobile Workstations Tablet Computers Mobile Phones Hub Switch Router File Server Email Server