Computing Fundamentals Unit 2- Computer Hardware
Objectives Identify system components Describe the role of the central processing unit Define computer memory Identify types of storage devices Care for storage media
Motherboard Circuit board Connects components Bus Different sizes CPU Memory Expansion ports/slots Bus Data transfer to components
CPU Microprocessor “Brain” Hertz (MHz & GHz) Reads/interprets instructions Performs calculations to complete tasks 1979= 8 MHz 1993= 200 MHz 2010= 3 GHz Dual-core/multi-core
RAM Active programs/data are held Volatile (Temporary) Stores what you are creating Volatile (Temporary) Power off= lose RAM Measured in bytes MB or GB 4GB is standard now
Memory Size 1’s & 0’s Use for storage size Bit 8 bits = 1 byte Hard drive, RAM, CD/DVD Bit 8 bits = 1 byte KB= 1024 bytes MB= Million bytes GB= Billion bytes TB= Trillion bytes
ROM On motherboard BIOS ROM Has instructions to boot your computer Read only- no store data Non-volatile Stays when power is off
Boot Process Start PC ROM BIOS looks for OS Loads OS into RAM OS Starts You log in
Review What is a CPU measured in? Which memory is volatile? MHz or GHz Which memory is volatile? RAM Which is the largest? 3GB 3MB 3KB
Storage- Hard Drive Magnetic Storage 3.5”- desktop 2.5”- laptop MB or GB 320GB 1TB
Storage- CD Optical (laser) ROM= Read Only R= Record Once CD-ROM, DVD-ROM CD-R, DVD+/- R CD-RW, DVD+/- RW Blu-Ray ROM= Read Only R= Record Once RW= Rewritable CD= 80 min./ 700MB DVD= 2 hrs./ 4.7GB BD= 4.5 hrs. of HD/ 25GB
Storage- Floppy Disks 8-inch 5 ¼” 3 ½” Magnetic Storage- 3.5”=1.44MB
Storage- Flash Flash No moving parts Data & electricity
Storage- Solid State Drive/Media Hard drive with no moving parts Non-volatile Used as mobile storage, music players, etc.
Review T/F. Hard drives are used to temporarily store what you are creating. False Which removable storage would you use to copy pictures from one PC to another? Flash Drive, Memory Card, Floppy, Ext. HD Which optical storage would be used to store music and then later erased to store photos? CD-RW
Input Devices Allow data IN the computer
Mouse- Input Ball Optical Laser On-screen arrow is pointer Pointing Clicking Dragging Double-clicking Right-clicking
Voice Recognition- Input Speak commands into PC & enter text Software must be installed Disabled people use
Are these input devices?
Output Devices Data comes OUT of the computer Name some
PC Connections
USB Ports PnP “hot swap” Handles up to 127 devices Speeds up to 480mbps (40MB) A to B connections Average digital photo is 2MB. Average mp3 song is 3-4MB. At typical USB speeds, you can transfer about 10 songs per second or 20 pictures per second. B A
PS/2 Ports & VGA Port PS/2 Purple Green 6 pin VGA Blue Monitor Keyboard Green Mouse 6 pin VGA Blue Monitor 15 pin female
Parallel & Serial Parallel Serial 25 port female IEEE 1284 Old Printers Serial 9 port male RS-232 Old modems & mice
Parallel & Serial Devices
NIC & Modem NIC RJ45 100Mbps Modem RJ11 Phone/Line Jacks 56kbps
Sound Card Line Out Headphone Speakers Line In Microphone
Other Ports S-video HDMI DVI Firewire
Review Which part of the computer performs calculations and controls processes? CPU What is it called when people can speak into a PC and have it perform those commands? Voice recognition Which type of memory is volatile? RAM
Review Which software translates speech into text? Voice recognition What is the name of the path that data travels on a motherboard? Bus Which type of storage device has no moving parts? Flash/USB drive
PC Connections
Review 1
Review 2
Computing Fundamentals Unit 2- Computer Hardware