Making sure you understand the material !!!

Possible Solution: Wikipedia….

ECE 4140/6140 (# will be updated) Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics

Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics

Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics ECE 4140/6140 Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics No background except basic Electromagnetics, Matlab/Mathematica and Calculus Open to students from any scientific discipline, UGs and Grads Covers a ‘bottom-up’ view of current flow (Start: Current through a Hydrogen atom) Goes on to Molecule  Solid  Heterostructure  Modern day Transistor

Quantum theory of solids

Science at the end of ~1900: Classical Mechanics

Leading to Mech. Engg., Civil Engg., Chem. Engg.

Science at the end of ~1900: Electromagnetics Rainbows Polaroids Lightning Northern Lights Telescope Laser Optics

Science at the end of ~1900: Electromagnetics Electronic Gadgets

Science at the end of ~1900: Electromagnetics Chemical Reactions Neural Impulses Ion Channels Biological Processes Chemistry and Biology

But there were puzzles !!! What does an atom look like ??? Dalton (1808) What does an atom look like ???

Solar system model of atom Continuous radiation from orbiting electron mv2/r = Zq2/4pe0r2 Centripetal force Electrostatic force Pb1: Atom would be unstable! (expect nanoseconds observe billion years!) Pb2: Spectra of atoms are discrete! Spectrum of Helium Transitions E0(1/n2 – 1/m2) (n,m: integers)

Future of Electronics? Avik Ghosh Electrical & Computer Engineering UVA 14

How far can we scale transistors? New physics emerges at these lengthscales 15

From Ralph Cavin, NSF-Grantees’ Meeting, Dec 3 2008 16

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New Physics of Computation (Beyond Moore, >15 yrs) Possible Ways forward Better Materials (More Moore, ~7-15 yrs) > 15 nm Strained Si/SiGe ~ 10 nm, CNT (ckts challenging) ~ 5 nm, SiNW (Low mobility) ~2 nm, Org. Molecules (Reproducibility, Gating) New Physics of Computation (Beyond Moore, >15 yrs) Reversible Computing Neuromorphic Computing Non-equilibrium Switching Multiple gates Better architecture (Moore’s Law, ~5-7 yrs) 19

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Where do we stand today?

“Top Down” … (ECE6163) Molecular Electronics Solid State Electronics/ Mesoscopic Physics Molecular Electronics Vd 20 µm Vd 2 nm

“Al-Khazneh”, Petra, Jordan Top Down fabrication Photolithography Top down architecture “Al-Khazneh”, Petra, Jordan (6th century BC)

Modeling device electronics Bulk Solid (“macro”) (Classical Drift-Diffusion) ~ 1023 atoms Bottom Gate Source Channel Drain ECE 6163 (“Traditional Engg”) Clusters (“meso”) (Semiclassical Boltzmann Transport) 80s ~ 106 atoms Molecules (“nano”) (Quantum Transport) Today ~ 10-100 atoms ECE 4140 (“Nano Engg”)

“Bottom Up” ... (ECE 4140) Molecular Electronics Solid State Electronics/ Mesoscopic Physics Molecular Electronics Vd 20 µm Vd 2 nm

Bottom Up fabrication Build pyramidal quantum dots from InAs atoms Bottom up architecture Chepren Pyramid, Giza (2530 BC) Build pyramidal quantum dots from InAs atoms (Gerhard Klimeck, Purdue) ECE 4140/6140 (Spring) Full quantum theory of nanodevices Carbon nanotubes, Graphene Atomic wires, nanowires, Point contacts, quantum dots, thermoelectrics, molecular electronics Single electron Transistors (SETs) Spintronics

Related Courses Advanced Devices Fundamentals Circuits/Architecture ECE 303 (Solid State Devices) ECE 763 (Advanced Solid State) ECE 587/687 (Nanoelectronics) ECE 686 (NanoPhotonics) ECE 642 (Optoelectronics) MSE 455 (NanoSc. and Tech.) MSE 627 (Atomistic Simulations) Fundamentals ECE309 (EM) PHYS 355/751 (Quantum Phys) MSE 601 (Xal str of mats) ECE 686 (QM for engineers) MAE 692 (Q. Engg: At/Mol) Circuits/Architecture ECE 632 (VLSI design) ECE 564 (IC-Fab) ECE 363 (Digital ICs)

May the qE + q(vxB) be with you !