FIRST SEMESTER REVIEW

List at least 3 ways you can identify a mineral List at least 3 ways you can identify a mineral. Be prepared to describe how you use each technique. Streak

Hardness:

-Color Description -Luster

-Fluorescence -Density -Magnetism

Cleavage and Fracture

Two minerals are scratched against each other. How would you tell which one is harder than the other? The one that scratches the other or, has a streak marked on it is harder. What type of mineral can scratch another mineral that has a hardness of 8? Anything that has a hardness greater than an 8

What is the proper format for writing a hypothesis? It is an If…. Then… Because… statement, though because is not always present.

What is wrong with each of the following hypotheses? If police officers were paid more, then they would work harder, because money is a good incentive to make a person work more. If you watered plants twice a day, then they would grow taller because water is good for plant cells and their health. If there were sounds in the room, then there are ghosts. If we gave more food to the fish, then it would not survive because it would eat too much.

How would you measure an object’s mass? Place it on a triple beam balance, and record the mass to the nearest gram.

How would you measure the volume of a liquid? Use a graduated cylinder. Record to the nearest mL (milliliter).

How do you read from a graduated cylinder? Make sure it is on a flat surface Read it from eye level Read it from the bottom of the curve/ the meniscus.

What is the volume of each? ml 36.9 ml 63.5ml

What are the lengths? 3.0 in. 16.0 cm

What are the three main types of rock? Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

A rock that forms from melting then cooling is a(n) Igneous rock Why can’t igneous rocks have fossils formed within them? They would burn the fossil when forming. What type of rock can an igneous rock form from? Any type.

What type of rock are you most likely to find a fossil? Sedimentary rock. A sedimentary rock will form from….. After a rock weathers from a larger rock, it will erode to a location, deposit there, where it will then compact and cement together.

How would a metamorphic rock form? Increased heat and pressure What type of metamorphic rock forms with banding patterns? Foliated metamorphic rock

Which layer formed 1st? Last? How do you know? -1st- Bottom layer -Last- Top layer Each new layer forms over the last.

How do plants help prevent soil erosion? Their roots hold the soil in place -Why are sand dunes major erosional agents? There are no plants to hold the soil down.

What type of igneous rock forms inside the Earth with large, visible crystals? Intrusive Igneous Rock

Lava and magma cooling would form a(n) Igneous rock When magma cools deep within the Earth, the crystal sizes are Large When lava cools quickly on the surface, the crystals are Small to absent.

Compacting and cementing forms a Sedimentary rock

Layers of the Earth -The crust is a thin layer, made mostly of solid rock -The mantle is a thick layer, made mostly of molten rock -The inner and outer cores are made of hot metals (iron and nickel) -Convection currents occur in which layer? The mantle

Make a sketch showing erosion and deposition

What 3 pieces of evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support his theory of condinental drift? Fossils Climate Geology What does the existence of fossilized plants in Greenland and Antarctica tell you about the area? It must have had a tropical, warm and rainy climate.

What formations can come from -Converging ocean and continental plates? Coastal Mountains, Ocean Trenches Two converging ocean plates? Trenches, islands and crust is subducted -Diverging plates? Mid Ocean Ridges and Rift Valleys

The Himalayas formed from 2 converging continental plates

How are shield and cinder cone volcanoes different? Lava layers around a gentle slope with a shield volcano. They are also the largest type of volcano Rock fragments are ejected into the air and pile around a vent in a cinder cone volcano.

What instrument records earthquakes? Seismograph Seismographs measure what? Siesmic waves

Using the diagram, what evidence shows lithospheric plate movement? Eroding islands to the leftof the hot spot