ENZYMES

ENZYMES Made of proteins Enzymes are organic catalysts Contain: ____ _____ _____ _____ Enzymes are organic catalysts Catalysts are chemicals that help chemical reactions occur Enzymes remain the same during a chemical reaction Always end in –ase Ex. Lipase, Protease, Glucase, Lactase

ENZYMES Lock-and-Key Model

ENZYMES In the Lock and Key Model, enzymes must fit their substrate Enzymes are “specific”

ENZYMES Each enzyme can work on only one specific substrate Ex. Lipase works only on __________ Sucrase works only on ____________ Protease works only on ____________ __________ works only on fructose

ENZYMES Enzymes help perform dehydration synthesis

ENZYMES Enzymes help perform hydrolysis

ENZYMES Re-draw and label each part of the picture

ENZYMES Enzymes are effected by the following factors: Temperature pH Concentration of enzyme Concentration of substrate

ENZYMES Temperature Enzymes work best at an optimum temperature Optimum temperature for human enzymes is ______, C or _________, F Enzyme activity is slower as temperature gets too cold or too hot

ENZYMES Temperature

ENZYMES Temperature At high temperatures, enzymes will lose their shape They denature Misshapen enzymes no longer fit in the Lock and Key Model, so chemical reactions do not take place

ENZYMES pH Enzymes rate of reaction is effected by the amount of acid or base in an environment

ENZYMES pH

ENZYMES Optimum pH for two different enzymes

ENZYMES Concentration Increasing the concentration (amount) of an enzyme or substrate, will only increase the rate of reaction, to a point

ENZYMES Co-enzymes Enzymes work with co-enzymes to speed up the rate of reactions. Ex. vitamins