ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR UNIT –II Presented By Senthil kumar.N

Todays discussion Review of last class Attitude, components, formation, characteristics, measurement. UNIT II O & B

ATTITUDE DEFINITION “Attitude are evaluative statements either favorable or unfavorable concerning objects, people or events. They reflect how one feel about something” Eg: Our boss is highly humanistic -Robbins UNIT II O & B

ATTITUDE CHARRACTERESTICS Attitudes are evaluated statements either favorable or unfavorable concerning objects, people or events Attitudes are learned predisposition toward aspects of our environment Attitude is a bent of mind or predisposition to certain action Attitude is a detailed direction of human behavior Attitude are the feeling and believe that largely determine how employees will perceive their environment UNIT II O & B

Attitudes are acquired through learning over a period of time Attitude is the most important because it is the mechanism through which people express their feelings Attitude is expression of inner feeling towards an object or his subject Attitudes are acquired through learning over a period of time Attitude are subject to change. A person having a negative attitude towards his job may in due course of time start developing a positive attitude towards its UNIT II O & B

All individual hold attitudes irrespective of their age, gender, social status etc Psychical environment and culture are irresponsible for the formation of common attitudes Attitudes are generally hidden in the mind and heart of people which may be expressed or inferred in some situation UNIT II O & B

ATTITUDE FORMATION Past experience People come to believe or not believe things on the basis of what they have experienced in the past. If everyone who has held job ’A’ has been promoted within six months, current job ‘A’ holders are likely to believe that they also will be promoted within six months UNIT II O & B

GENERALIZATION These come from similar events or situations. If no one has hold closely related job ‘B’ has ever been promoted; this may lead job ‘A’ holders believe that they will not be promoted either UNIT II O & B

ASSOCIATION People are highly influenced by the major groups or associations to which they belong. Our religion, educational background, race, gender, age and income class, are strongly influence our attitudes. UNIT II O & B

FAMILY Family experts influence on the initial core at attitudes held by an individual. Individuals develop certain attitudes from their family members, parents, brothers, sisters, etc. UNIT II O & B

PEER GROUPS As people of adulthood they increasingly rely on their people groups for approval attitude. How others judge an individual largely determines his self image and approval seeking bahaviour. “we often seek out others who share attitudes similar to our own or else we change our attitudes to confirm the attitudes of those in the group whose approval is important to us “ UNIT II O & B

SOCIETY Social class and religious also play a vital role in forming attitudes of an individual. The culture, language and the society, all provides an individual with the boundaries of his initial attitudes. At the very early age an individual is taught that certain attitudes are acceptable and certain others are non – acceptable in the society. UNIT II O & B

COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE 1. Affective component 2.cognitive component 3.intentional component The affective component of an attitude reflects ‘feelings and emotions’ that an individual has towards a situation The cognitive component of an attitude derived from knowledge that an individual has about a situation The intentional component of an attitude reflects how an individual expects to behave towards or in situation UNIT II O & B

AFFECTIVE COMPONENT The affection refers to the feelings and emotions associated with an attitude object. It is an emotional component that develops as a conditioned response by association with stimuli that has either punishing or rewarding effects UNIT II O & B

COGNITIVE COMPONENT Cognitive component based on a variety of learning experiences, rumors . Cognitive component is very important and consist of the individuals perceptions. UNIT II O & B

INTENTIONAL COMPONENT Intentional component of attitude of attitude consists of the tendency to act or react toward an attitude object in certain specific persons. Affective component How we feel towards the situation Cognitive component why we feel that way Intentional component how we indented to behave towards the situation UNIT II O & B

The different components of an attitudes held towards a firm, which supplies inferior products and that too irregularly could be described as follows: UNIT II O & B

“ I don’t like that company” - Affective component “ They are the worst supply firm, I have ever deal with” -Cognitive component “I will never do business with them again” -intentional component UNIT II O & B

ATTITUDE MEASUREMENT Thurstone’s scale: Thurstone collected a large number of statements relations to the area in which attitudes were to be measured. The statements maybe relating for any objects. For Eg religion, education, war, piece etc UNIT II O & B

LIKERT’S SCALE Likert’s scale has five boxes exhibiting from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Under each statements of attitude the respondent will be given a chance to check the five boxes and finally all the ratings will be summed up. This scale is a kind a summed rating measure as several statements are collected in an attitude are such as one’s attitude about a job and scales are added up or summed a person’s attitudes towards his job. The summed rating scale provides a means of measuring the intensity of one’s attitude toward a particular object. UNIT II O & B

BOGARDUS’S SOCIAL DISTANCE SCALE It is a simplest scale developed by bogardus. The scale is composed of a large number of statements regarding national, or racial or ethnic groups Bogardus used a seven point of scale ranking from the most favorable acceptance picture, that acceptance to close kingship by marriage, to termination or exclusion from the country as the other by extreme end of scale. UNIT II O & B

GULTMAN’S SCALE It is a cumulative scaling technique to measure attitudes developed by gultman in 1750. suppose an individual gets a higher scale than other person on a particular set of items. We can easily determine his position for every single item. For Eg: let us consider three items referring to weight that is to be tested. (1) my weight is more than 45 kgs. (2) my weight is more than 50 kgs (3) we know he has already said “yes” to numbers 2 and 1 also UNIT II O & B

Similarly in the case of one’s attitude towards work an employee might be presented with six statements displaying successfully higher degree of satisfaction. It is assumed that the employee will reach some point beyond which he can no longer agree. The main threshold is considered to be the degree of satisfaction UNIT II O & B

THANK YOU,,,,, UNIT II O & B