Water Cycle and Groundwater

Water Cycle and Groundwater Water can be all 3 states of matter – solid, liquid, gas Percentages of water on Earth: 75% of Earth is covered with water, of that: ~97.2% salt water ~2% frozen in glaciers ~0.6% deep underground ~0.2% surface water ~0.01%  in atmosphere  Water in ground water is 50 times more than all the lakes and rivers combined!

Water is the Universal Solvent; IT CAN DISSOLVE ANYTHING It is a polar molecule; A molecule whose atoms have a slight negative and positive electric charge

Water Cycle Hydrosphere: the sphere of water that surrounds the earth, including the water in the atmosphere, groundwater, running water, lakes, oceans and glaciers.

Water Cycle - movement of water from one part of the hydrosphere to another.

Water Cycle Evaporation: heat from the sun causes water to change into a gas called water vapor; energy is absorbed BY THE WATER , evaporation is a COOLING process (area evaporated from cools) Transpiration: process where water moves up through a plant, eventually exiting through tiny holes in the leaves (Sublimation - conversion from solid to gas, w/o liquid stage; process of snow and ice changing water vapor w/o first melting into water)

Water Cycle Condensation: water vapor changing into liquid in the atmosphere to form clouds; energy is released BY THE WATER, condensation is a WARMING process, area condensed onto warms. (Deposition - opposite of sublimation; where water vapor changes directly into ice—such a snowflakes and frost) Precipitation: condensed water falling to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Runoff: water that neither soaks into the ground nor evaporates, but instead flows across Earth’s surface and eventually into streams, lakes, or oceans.

Where does water go? Ground water - water that soaks into the ground and collects in the pore spaces between particles of rock and soil

Ground Water Porosity: the percentage of a material’s volume that is pore space, how much water that rock or soil can hold Permeable: describes rock or soil that has connecting pores that allow water to pass through easily

Ground Water

Ground Water Aquifer: layer of permeable rock that has connecting pores and transmits water freely

Ground Water Zone of Aeration: area where the pores are filled with air, usually near the ground surface Water Table: top of the zone of saturation Zone of Saturation: area where all the pores in a rock are completely filled with water, usually below the ground surface

Ground Water

Artesian Well: well in which water under natural pressure rises to the surface without being pumped

Ground Water Spring: point at which that water table meets Earth’s surface, causing water to flow from the ground

Hot spring spring of warm groundwater, caused when the water is heated by rocks that contact magma under Earth’s surface

Geyser : hot spring of groundwater that erupts periodically, shooting water and steam into the air  

Sink Holes