Lecture 21 – Ceramics Prescribed Text: Ref 1: Higgins RA & Bolton, 2110. Materials for Engineers and Technicians, 5th edition, Butterworth Heinemann. ISBN: 9782156217696 Readings: Callister: Callister, W. Jr. and Rethwisch, D., 2110, Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 8th Edition, Wiley, New York. ISBN 9780470421977 Ashby 1: Ashby, M. & Jones, D., 2111, Engineering Materials 1: An Introduction to Properties, Applications and Design, 4th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford UK. IBSN: 9780080966656 Ashby 2: Ashby, M. & Jones, D., 2111, Engineering Materials 2: An Introduction to Microstructures and Processing, 4th edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford UK. IBSN: 9780080966687   Lecture (2 hrs): Ref 1, Ch 1: Engineering materials; Ref 1 Ch 2: Properties of materials. Laboratory 1 (2 hrs): Hardness test Callister: Ch 1, 2, 21-21 Ashby 1: Ch 1, 2 Ashby 2: Ch 1 1

Ceramics Reference Text Section Higgins RA & Bolton, 2110. Materials for Engineers and Technicians, 5th ed, Butterworth Heinemann Ch 21 Reference Text Section Callister, W. Jr. and Rethwisch, D., 2110, Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 8th Ed, Wiley, New York. Ch 3 (part) Engineering Materials and Processes

Ceramics (Higgins 21) • Domestic ceramics, e.g. china, earthenware, stoneware and cement. • Natural ceramics, e.g. stone. • Engineering ceramics, e.g. alumina, zirconia, boron nitride, etc. widely used in engineering as furnace components, tool tips and grinding tools. • Glasses and glass ceramics. Glasses are non-crystalline (amorphous) i.e. they are virtually still in a liquid condition. Glass comprises a range of substances, from boiled sweets to window panes and beer mugs. Glass ceramics are fine-grained polycrystalline materials produced by the controlled crystallisation of glasses. • Electronic materials, e.g. semiconductors and ferrites. Higgins Engineering Materials and Processes

21.2 Silicate-based ceramics (Higgins 21.2) Engineering Materials and Processes

21.2 Silicate-based ceramics (Higgins 21.2) 21.2.1 'Chain' type arrangements Higgins Engineering Materials and Processes

21.2 Silicate-based ceramics (Higgins 21.2) 21.2.2 ‘Sheet' type arrangements Higgins Engineering Materials and Processes

21.2 Silicate-based ceramics (Higgins 21.2) 21.2.2 ‘Sheet' type arrangements Higgins Engineering Materials and Processes

21.3 Asbestos (Higgins 21.3) 21.3.1 Asbestos as a health hazard 21.3.2 Obsolete products containing asbestos Raw asbestos fibres Asbestos textiles Asbestos paper Asbestos-cement products Asbestos reinforced and filled plastics materials 21.3.3 Precautions on encountering asbestos Higgins Engineering Materials and Processes

21.4 Clay products (Higgins 21.4) 21.4.1 Fireclay 21.4.2 Shaping clay products Higgins Engineering Materials and Processes

21.4 Clay products (Higgins 21.4) 21.4.3 Hydroplastic forming 21.4.4 The heat-treatment of clay products Drying Firing Higgins Engineering Materials and Processes

21.5 Engineering ceramics (Higgins 21.5) 21.5.1 Magnesium oxide Higgins Engineering Materials and Processes

21.5 Engineering ceramics (Higgins 21.5) 21.5.2 Aluminium oxide Higgins Engineering Materials and Processes

21.5 Engineering ceramics (Higgins 21.5) Ceramic Si3N4 bearing parts: Wikipedia 21.5.3 Silicon nitride 21.5.4 Sialons 21.5.5 Zirconia 21.5.6 Some other engineering ceramics Engineering Materials and Processes

21.6 Properties of ceramics (Higgins 21.6) 21.6.1 Strength 21.6.2 Creep 21.6.3 Hardness Higgins Engineering Materials and Processes

21.6 Properties of ceramics (Higgins 21.6) 21.6.4 Refractoriness Higgins Engineering Materials and Processes

21.7 Cement (Higgins 21.7) 21.7.1 Cement as an engineering material Engineering Materials and Processes

21.8 Semiconductors (Higgins 21.8) 21.8.1 Doping 21.8.2 Production of doped silicon chips Purification of silica Crystal growth Slice preparation Epitaxial growth Silicon dioxide mask Doping Higgins Engineering Materials and Processes

Videos: Engineering Materials and Processes h ttp://www.matweb.com S how this website on screen. Will be using this later. Engineering Materials and Processes 18

Resources. Wikipedia: Ceramic Materials h ttp://www.matweb.com S how this website on screen. Will be using this later. Engineering Materials and Processes 19

Glossary Compounding Doping Refractoriness Crystalline Glass Engineering Materials and Processes

Define all glossary terms QUESTIONS Higgins Ch21 Define all glossary terms According to the engineering definition, what is the difference between ceramic and glass? What distinguishes a ceramic material from a metal? List 3 examples in each class of ceramics: Domestic ceramics, Natural ceramics, Engineering ceramics, Glasses and glass ceramics, Electronic materials. Explain slip casting. What is the names of the equivalent method using polymers? Outline the main properties of ceramics that have advantage over metals. What are their main drawbacks – compared to metals? Consider: Strength, toughness, stiffness, density, refractoriness, ductility, hardness. Research on ceramic engines began decades ago. Why use ceramic? What are the problems? Explain the essential differences in properties and behaviour under load between metallic crystals and ionically bonded ceramic crystals. Describe three processes by which ceramic materials may be shaped prior to firing or sintering. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GFst2IQBEM Engineering Materials and Processes 21