This Week’s Agenda APA style: -In-text citation -Reference List -Paraphrasing and Quotations Plagiarism What is Annotated Bibliography? Purpose Examples

What is an APA (American Psychological Association) Style What is an APA (American Psychological Association) Style? From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia APA style is a widely accepted style of documentation. APA style specifies the names and order of headings, formatting, and organization of citations and references, and the arrangement of tables, figures, footnotes, and appendices, as well as other manuscript and documentation features. The APA Publication Manual provides basic guidelines for documenting both print and electronic resources. Other styles: MLA (Modern Language Association), Chicago, and Turabian styles.

In-Text Citation It involves enclosing the author's surname and the date of publication within parentheses, separated by a comma, generally placed immediately after the reference or at the end of the sentence in which the reference is made. It is also common for the authors to be the subject or object of a sentence. In such a case only the year is in parenthesis. In all cases of citation, author name(s) are always followed immediately by a year, and years are never presented without author name(s) immediately preceding it. In the case of a quotation, the page number is also included in the citation.

In-Text Citation…Cont’d APA in-text style uses the author-year-page number method of citation. Subsequent citations to the same work need not include the year as long as the work can easily be distinguished from other works cited in the paper. How do you Cite-Examples: see handout

Why Cite Sources? Whenever you quote or base your ideas on another person's work, you must document the source you used. Even when you do not quote directly from another work, if reading that source contributed to the ideas presented in your paper, you must give the authors proper credit. Citations allow readers to locate and further explore the sources you consulted, show the depth and scope of your research, and give credit to authors for their ideas. Citations provide evidence for your arguments and add credibility to your work by demonstrating that you have sought out and considered a variety of resources. In written academic work, citing sources is standard practice and shows that you are responding to this person, agreeing with that person, and adding something of your own. Think of documenting your sources as providing a trail for your reader to follow to see the research you performed and discover what led you to your original contribution.

Reference List/Bibliography

Paraphrasing and Quotations At times, you can make more impact by paraphrasing a quotation instead of quoting it verbatim. Paraphrasing is a restatement of the quotation using your own words. When you paraphrase, you don't rely on the words of the author of the quotation to create an impact on your readers' minds. You use your own words.

Effective Method of Paraphrasing a Quotation Carefully read the original quotation and make sure to understand its central theme. Note down anything that grabs your attention. If you feel that some element (word, phrase, thought) contributes to the central theme of the quotation, make a note of it. Write a paraphrase in your own words. Meticulously avoid using the original words, phrases, and expression. At the same time, make sure that your words convey the same central theme.

Effective Method of Paraphrasing a Quotation…Cont’d If you need to use an interesting word or phrase from the original text, use quotation marks to indicate that it is not your own. Cite the author, the source, and the date given in the text to credit the owner of the quotation. Remember: Though the words of the paraphrase are your own, the thought behind it isn't. To not mention the author's name is plagiarism. A bad paraphrase is one in which you simply substitute certain words with their synonyms, while maintaining the structure of the original quotation. To write a good paraphrase, borrow only the idea conveyed by the author. Express the sentiment in your own words, in your own way. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/563/01/

What is plagiarism? "Plagiarism is defined as the use of intellectual material produced by another person without acknowledging its source. This includes, but is not limited to: (a.) Copying from the writings or works of others into one's academic assignment without attribution, or submitting such work as if it were one's own; (b.) Using the views, opinions, or insights of another without acknowledgment; or (c.) Paraphrasing the characteristic or original phraseology, metaphor, or other literary device of another without proper attribution."

What is plagiarism?...Cont’d Plagiarism is a serious violation of academic and student conduct rules and is punishable with a failing grade and possibly more severe action. Example: see handout.

What is an Annotated Bibliography? An annotated bibliography is a bibliography that gives a summary of the research that has been done. An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and documents. Each citation is followed by a brief (usually about 150 words) descriptive and evaluative paragraph, the annotation =brief summary. The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited. = to provide the reader with a summary and an evaluation of the source. In order to write a successful annotation, each summary must be concise. An annotation should display the source's central idea(s) and give the reader a general idea of what the source is about.

Annotations vs. Abstracts Abstracts are the purely descriptive summaries often found at the beginning of scholarly journal articles or in periodical indexes. Annotations are descriptive and critical; they expose the author's point of view, clarity and appropriateness of expression, and authority. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/01/ http://library.ucsc.edu/ref/howto/annotated.html

What goes into the content of the annotations? Define the scope of the source, list the significant topics included, and tell what the source is about. Summarize the source. Assess the source's strengths and weaknesses. You get to say why the source is interesting or helpful to you, or why it is not. In doing this you should list what kind of and how much information is given; in short, evaluate the source's usefulness.