1-3 notes Spacecraft

How do objects look from different distances? Think about How do objects look from different distances?

Space travel requires very careful planning. near earth Space travel requires very careful planning.

Astronauts must take everything with them-food, water, and even air! near earth Astronauts must take everything with them-food, water, and even air!

Final launch of space shuttle Discovery: near earth Spacecraft need powerful rockets and huge fuel tanks to lift all their weight up against Earth’s gravity. Final launch of space shuttle Discovery: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= OnoNITE-CLc

near earth The equipment used for space travel must be well designed because a breakdown can be fatal.

Apollo 13, April 1970 Third mission meant to land on the moon. Oxygen tank exploded 2 days into the mission, damaging the spacecraft. Crew had to use the Moon’s gravity to slingshot back to Earth. All 3 crew members survived but the mission failed “Houston, we’ve had a problem” –Jack Swigert

Challenger Space Shuttle disaster, 1986 Space shuttle exploded shortly after liftoff, on live television. Cold weather caused important “O-ring” seals to fail. All 7 crew members were killed.

Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster, 2003 Space shuttle Columbia broke apart when re-entering Earth’s atmosphere. Caused by debris shed by the shuttle. All 7 crew members were killed.

Space is a very different environment compared to Earth. near earth Space is a very different environment compared to Earth. People and objects float freely unless fastened down. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVx aL8CAO4M

The Evolution of the spacesuit 1935-Designed by B.F. Goodrich

The Evolution of the spacesuit XMC-2 Suit, by David Clark Company Used in 1955

The Evolution of the spacesuit MC-2 Suit Became the basis for many future U.S. space suits

The Evolution of the spacesuit MK-IV Suit worn by Alan Shepherd, the first American in space, 1961.

The Evolution of the spacesuit Neil Armstrong in the G2-C, used for early testing for lunar missions.

The Evolution of the spacesuit G4-C Spacesuit, worn in the first U.S. spacewalk by Ed White, 1965.

The Evolution of the spacesuit Buzz Aldrin on the moon in the A7L suit, 1969.

The Evolution of the spacesuit Gene Cernan on the moon in the A7LB suit, 1972.

The Evolution of the spacesuit Launch Entry Suit, aka “Pumpkin” Suit by David Clark Company, 1988-1994

The Evolution of the spacesuit Advanced Crew Escape Suit, first used 1994

The Evolution of the spacesuit Z-1 Prototype Suit

Satellite: an object that orbits a more massive object. Moon missions In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite called Sputnik. Satellite: an object that orbits a more massive object.

Moon missions The Soviet Union was also the first to send a human into space, Yuri Gagarin, in 1961.

Moon missions In the 1960’s, space exploration was focused on a race to the Moon, driven by the rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

The U.S. succeeded in landing the first humans on the Moon in 1969. Moon missions The U.S. succeeded in landing the first humans on the Moon in 1969.

Moon missions Preparation NASA sent spacecraft without crews to the moon to see if a landing was possible. Astronauts were also sent to space to practice important procedures.

Landings NASA’S missions to the moon were called Apollo Moon missions Landings NASA’S missions to the moon were called Apollo Apollo 11 was the first successful landing of humans on the moon. 1969-1972 resulted in 5 more successful Moon landings.

Orbiting earth A space station is a satellite where people can live and work for long periods. After the Soviet Union fell apart, the Russian Space Agency and NASA started working together on Mir, the Russian space station.

Astronauts first boarded in 2000. Orbiting Earth Construction of the International Space Station began in 1998 between 15 nations. Astronauts first boarded in 2000. Scientists conduct experiments aboard the station.

Orbiting Earth Since 2000, the ISS has been continuously manned for more than 16 years. There are currently 6 astronauts on board, led by US astronaut Shane Kimbrough as Commander. http://iss.astroviewer.net/

Orbiting earth Most crews have flown to the ISS in space shuttles, which could be used again and again to transport scientists to and from the ISS.

Spacecraft carry instruments to other worlds We have not sent humans to other planets-yet. Most research in space has been accomplished through the use of spacecraft with no crew- robotics.

NASA has a manned mission to Mars scheduled for the 2030’s which means… The first person to walk on Mars is probably between 12-18 years old right now!

The planet’s gravity can be used to change its speed or direction. flybys A flyby sends a spacecraft to fly past one or more planets or other objects in space. The planet’s gravity can be used to change its speed or direction.

It will continue to transmit until 2025. flybys Voyager 1 flew past Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune after launching in 1977. It is the farthest traveling man- made object, about 20,500,000,000 km from Earth as of 12/16. It will continue to transmit until 2025.

flybys On board Voyager 1 is the Golden Record, containing music, sounds, images, and greetings from Earth to any intelligent life in the galaxy, should they exist and come across our spacecraft.

orbiters An orbiter is designed to study a planet over a long period of time by orbiting it.

Orbiters allow scientists to make detailed maps of planets and moons

A lander is designed to land on a planet’s surface. Landers and probes A lander is designed to land on a planet’s surface. Images taken by a lander can show the actual surface of the planet or object.

Spacecraft have been successfully landed on: Landers and probes Spacecraft have been successfully landed on:

Landers and probes Venus (USSR, 1970)

Landers and probes Mars (US, 1976)

Landers and probes Eros Asteroid (US, 2001)

Titan, Moon of Saturn (European Space Agency, 2005) Landers and probes Titan, Moon of Saturn (European Space Agency, 2005)

Comet 67P (European Space Agency, 2014) Landers and probes Comet 67P (European Space Agency, 2014)

A probe drops into a planet’s atmosphere to study its gases. Landers and probes A probe drops into a planet’s atmosphere to study its gases. Probes are important for studying the atmospheres of giant planets like Jupiter.

What was the goal of the Apollo program? To view Earth from Space. review What was the goal of the Apollo program? To view Earth from Space. To explore the Sun. To explore the Moon. To explore other planets.

2. Which type of mission produces detailed maps of a planet? Flyby review 2. Which type of mission produces detailed maps of a planet? Flyby Orbiter Lander Probe