ROOOOAAAARing 20’s

African Americans in the 20’s Growth of Jazz Famous jazz musicians: Cotton Club: Harlem Renaissance Focused on: Famous Authors:

Minstrel Man by Langston Hughes Because my mouth Is wide with laughter And my throat Is deep with song, You do not think I suffer after I have held my pain So long? Is wide with laughter, You do not hear My inner cry? Because my feet Are gay with dancing, You do not know I die?

African Americans in the 20’s The Great Migration The Resurgence of the KKK Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Economics in the 20’s Easy Credit: Banks: Buying Stock on Margin:

Economics in the 20’s High Speculation of Stock: Gross National Product:

Arts and Leisure in the 20’s Harlem Renaissance and Jazz Music Art Deco: Literature: F. Scott Fitzgerald: Ernest Hemingway Edna St. Vincent Millay: Lost Generation:

Arts and Leisure in the 20’s Sports and Entertainment New Fads: 1922: King Tut: Sports Stars Babe Ruth: Jack Dempsey: Gertrude Ederle:

Red Scare in the 20’s Red Scare: Communism: Caused By: Fear of a communist takeover, inspired by immigration and events in World War II Communism: Shared property, government manages the property Caused By: Bolshevik Revolution: 1917 Communist takeover led by Vladimir Lenin Growth of Immigration: Eastern and Southern Europeans “new immigrants”

Red Scare in the 20’s Labor Unrest in America Fear of immigrants increases fear of: Labor Unrest in America During WWI: loyalty during the war effort (nationalism) However after: inflation and job competition This leads to: strikes for worker’s rights, serious tension America sees this as: disloyalty Boston Police Strike; Steel Mill Strike; Coal Miners Strike (John L. Lewis)

Red Scare in the 20’s Examples of the Red Scare Sacco and Vanzetti: Italian radicals charged with the robbery & murder of a factory paymaster Executed with very little evidence Palmer Raids: Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer’s attempt to arrest & deport radicals (mainly anarchists & Communists)

Foreign Policy in the 20’s Goal: Maintain the peace!! Washington Naval Conference (1921): limit navies by establishing a ratio of battleships to be built (5:5:3) for U.S., England and France First major disarmament treaty in history Kellogg-Briand Pact: 28 nations sign on to outlaw offensive war (in 1928)

Government in the 20’s Warren G. Harding Slogan: - “Return to normalcy” Fordney-McCumber Tariff: 60% tax on foreign imports (helps American industry) Dawes Plan: an attempt to reschedule the debts that Germany owed from WWI…(ultimately failed to work) Very unpopular – Britain & France think the U.S. is a miser

Dawes Plan (1924)

Government in the 20’s Scandals under Harding Ohio Gang: - p. 626 – the group of cabinet members that were close friends with Harding, played a lot of poker and drinking! Teapot Dome Scandal: Scandal under Harding Sec’y of the Interior Albert B. Fall transfers oil-rich land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming from the Dept. of the Navy to the Dept. of the Interior Receives bribes from oil companies to privately drill the land

Government in the 20’s Calvin Coolidge Slogan: - “Be Cool with Coolidge” (see p. 637) Famous Quote: “The chief business of the American people is business…” Lowers: taxes Gave businesses: support (did not interfere) Used trickle down effect What is a “hands-off” economy known as?

Government in the 20’s Prohibition 18th Amendment: Illegal Activity BOOMS Moonshine: Bootleggers: Speakeasies: Gangsters:

Changes for Women in the 20’s Status: The Flapper: More work outside the home: