Non-Text Assignment 2: Dr. John Snow Made by Ovidijus Kuzminas, Seth Hinton

Contents Dr. John Snow’s Life 19th Century Birth Early Education Apprenticeship 19th Century London Urban Life Medicine Why Dr. John Snow is Famous? What is Cholera? Other Diseases Maps Plague Yellow Fever VMI Waterworks Before Having Modern Plumbing Old Technology for Bathrooms Outcomes

Dr. John Snow’s Birth John Snow was born on March 15, 1813 in York, England. He was the first of nine children born in William Snow and Francis Snow’s family. His father, William, worked as a laborer in coal yard. He was one of many poorer and unskilled workers in the town.

Dr. John Snow’s Early Education When John was 6, he attended the private school in York (most of the schools in that time were private). How his father, William, the poor laborer sent him to the private school is still a mystery. The school curriculum during the eight years he attended included writing, reading, arithmetic and the Scriptures. John’s favorite subjects were mathematics and natural history.

Dr. John Snow’s Apprenticeship Before gaining his formal medical education degree in London, John had three apprenticeship with medical practitioners. During those days, only Oxford and Cambridge universities had an empowerment to give license for medical practice in England. But John had no chances to admission in both of them. John went other way and became licensed surgeon (license was given after taking a test by Royal Colleges of Physicians and of Surgeons) and apothecary (license was given after taking a test by Worshipful Society of Apothecaries). In those days surgeons were general workers of medicine, who performed diagnostics and general procedures. Apothecaries could give people drugs. After his three apprenticeships, John went to London to start his formal medical education at the Hunterian School of Medicine. There he got his Doctor’s of Medicine (MD) degree. It means that John Snow was on the top of the medicine’s system.

19th Century London Urban Life In the middle of 19th century London was overcrowded city, which has a huge traffic in the streets, railroads and rivers. The city has no good drainage, there was lack of sanitation, because excretions were streaming through the streets. Most of them had reached the river. The water was addressed to citizens by iron pipes from a reservoir where it was filtrated. The water was taken from the river Lea. Working class was living on a plain food (bread, butter, potatoes, bacon).

19th Century Medicine The 19th century was revolution in medicine not only in London but worldwide. Scientists started using microscopes which lead to deeper analysis of transmitters of diseases.

Why Dr. John Snow is famous? He became famous from the both the map of the Broad street pump and mode of communication of cholera, He faced an Anesthetic Controversy and there was very little known about cholera compared to today.

What is Cholera? Cholera is an intestine infection; it spreads through fecal contamination of food and water. IF treated it’s a 1% of death while untreated is 50-60%

Plague Plague is a deadly infectious disease with lead to Europe population decrease to 50 percent in the middle ages. Map shows how it spread.

Yellow Fever Yellow fever (also known as yellow plague) is an acute viral disease. It is transmitted by mosquitos which live in the tropical or subtropical areas. Map shows endemic range in Africa where 90 percent of death occur.

VMI Waterworks Before Having Modern Plumbing Water was acquired from the Maury.

Old Technology for Bathrooms The old corps had out houses with bottomless toilets, in the winter season the fecal matter would freeze making pyramid like structures, giving the creek the name the Nile (that’s the nickname for the Woods Creek).

Outcomes It’s the first time we have faced this kind of GIS research. It shows that almost everything could be analysed on the GIS base: illneses, terrorism acts, population, traffic jams, fast food net and etc. Understanding the GIS posibilities could lead to finding those answers which are not well-known yet (as it was with Cholera).