Staying Connected 24/7: Safeguard Consumer Electronics with Proper Circuit Protection Day 3: Consumer Electronics Standards

Circuit Protection & Standards for Consumer Electronics Fulfill a most important role together: Protect the valuable devices we depend on every day from damage caused by their biggest threat… … the USER!

Consumer Electronics Standards Compliance standards established by IEC, ISO and other regulatory organizations provide guidelines for manufacturers to follow when designing, producing and testing consumer electronics designs. There are also global standards to keep in mind. Today’s session addresses these important standards: Human Body Model (HBM) IEC 61000-4-2 IEC 60950-1 IEC 62368-1 ISO 10605

Compliance Challenges for Consumer Electronics IC content continues to become smaller, faster and more ESD sensitive. Human Body Model (on-chip ESD decreasing) IEC 61000-4-2 (many companies test above this spec) ISO 10605 (harsher than IEC 61000-4-2) Protection products need to meet AEC-Q101 when used in automotive applications. Protection devices will need to be robust enough for the transient environment, yet be able to clamp to a low enough level to protect the ICs. Safety standards focus on protection of consumer electronics from being a source of fire or shock hazards. IEC 60950-1: Information Technology Equipment IEC 62368-1: A/V, Information Technology, and Communications Equipment

ESD Standards: Human Body Model (HBM) Wafer fab and back-end assembly environments Based on Skin-to-Metal Contact e.g. Person touches pin of IC, discharging directly to pins Used in Military Standard (883E) test specification Addresses the Manufacturing/Production environment Testing is done directly on the IC Circuit Model: Discharge Voltage Peak Current 500V 0.33A 1,000V 0.67A 2,000V 1.33A Testing is generally limited to 2kV level; factory ESD policies and personnel precautions limit the amount of static electricity that can be built up.

ESD Standards: IEC 61000-4-2 Focus is on field-level ESD in applications Based on Metal-to-Metal Contact e.g. Person with tool/key in hand discharges to I/O port Used in IEC 61000-4-2 test specification Addresses the user-environment Testing is done at the application or system level Circuit Model: Contact Discharge Peak Current 2,000V 7.5A 4,000V 15.0A 6,000V 22.5A 8,000V 30.0A

Comparing the Two Specifications – IEC 61000-4-2 vs. Human Body Model Peak current Peak current Discharge Voltage Human Body Model IEC 61000-4-2 500 V 0.33 A 1.5A 1,000 V 0.67 A 3.0A 2,000 V 1.33 A 7.5 A 4,000 V Does not apply 15.0 A 8,000 V Does not apply 30.0 A ESD protection that is built into the ICs. ESD threat that the application commonly experiences in the field. The key here is that a chipset that survives Human Body Model testing (in the manufacturing environment) is not guaranteed to survive in the field, where the exposure to ESD will be much more severe. Different models yield much different peak current values; ultimately electrical stresses on the chipset are very different. ESD levels in the field far exceed the values that can be generated in the manufacturing environment.

Safety Standards: IEC 60950-1 Circuits designed as Limited Power Sources reduce the likelihood of fire hazards Table 2B defines limits for LPS without overcurrent protective devices (fuses) Circuits designed as Limited Current Sources reduce the likelihood of electrical shock For ≤ 1 kHz, steady-state current cannot exceed 0.7 mA peak, 2.0 mA dc For > 1 kHz, current limit is 0.7 mA x freq. but no greater than 70 mA peak

Safety Standards: IEC 62368-1 New global safety standard that combines requirements from: IEC 60950-1: Information Technology Equipment IEC 60065: Audio/Video Equipment Uses a hazard-based safety approach, where requirements focus on fire & shock hazards and how to prevent them Fewer rigid requirements – more design flexibility

Where is ESD Protection needed for Tablets? (Reference IEC 61000-4-2) Buttons/switches ESD transient SIM socket ESD transient Headphone port (audio) ESD transient LCD module ESD transient Memory slot (MMC, SD card) ESD transient DC input Fault current ESD/surge USB2.0/3.0 port Fault current ESD transient HDMI port ESD transient

Where ESD Protection is needed for Set-top Boxes Where ESD Protection is needed for Set-top Boxes? (Reference IEC 61000-4-2) Cable (F-Conn) ESD transient Audio (in/out) ESD transient Memory slot (SD card) ESD transient USB2.0 Port ESD transient USB3.0 Port AC Input Fault current Surge transient DC Input ESD/surge Ethernet port ESD transient Surge/ESD transients HDMI Port ESD transient Video (Comp.) ESD transient eSATA Port ESD transient Keypads/Buttons (On Front) ESD transient

Protection Solutions / Standards for Consumer Electronics in Automotive Aftermarket Applications include: Security Systems Infotainment Systems Audio Systems Remote Start GPS Cellular/Wi-Fi Connectivity For additional information, see the course: Deliver Roadworthy Designs: Safeguard Automotive Electronics Technologies with Proper Circuit Protection Slide #12

ISO 10605: What does it apply to? 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the electrostatic discharge (ESD) test methods necessary to evaluate electronic modules intended for vehicle use. It applies to discharges in the following cases: ESD in assembly ESD caused by service staff ESD caused by occupants ESD applied to the device under test (DUT) can directly influence the DUT. ESD applied to neighboring parts can couple into supply and signal lines of the DUT in the vehicle and/or directly into the DUT. This International Standard describes test procedures for evaluating both electronic modules on the bench and complete vehicles. This International Standard applies to all types of road vehicles regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). This International Standard is based in part on IEC 61000-4-2 and describes vehicle-specific requirements.

ISO 10605: How is ESD applied? 9.3 Test procedure 9.3.1 General The test shall be performed by direct contact discharge on all pins and contacts, and/or discharge mode on all surfaces and points that can be touched during the assembly process or in the service case. Apply the ESD at (as a minimum) each connector pin, case, button, switch, display, case screw and case opening of the DUT that is accessible during handling. For this procedure, recessed connector pins are considered accessible during handling To access recessed connector pins, an insulated solid wire with a cross-section between 0, 5mm2 and 2 mm2 and a maximum length of 25 mm shall be used.

ISO 10605: ESD simulator models 10.1 General Choose a generator capacitance of 330 pF for areas that can easily be accessed only from the inside of the vehicle and resistance of 330 Ω or 2 k Ω. the maximum test voltage can be limited in this case to 15 kV. Choose a capacitance of 150 pF for points that can easily be touched only from the outside of the vehicle and resistance of 330 Ω or 2 k Ω. In this case, the maximum test voltage is 25 kV. Areas that can be touched both from the outside and inside shall be tested with both generator capacitance values and 15 kV and 25 kV maximum test voltage, respectively. Before applying any discharges to the DUT, verify that the ESD generator discharge verification procedure, as specified in Annex A, has been performed within the time period established by the laboratory or the customer.   D.1 Resistor value selection Testing with 2 k Ω resistor represents the discharge of a human body directly through the skin. Testing with 330 Ω resistor represents the discharge of a human body through a metallic part (i.e. tool, key, ring). A test with a 330 Ω resistor is more severe than testing with 2 kΩ. 330pF waveform 150pV waveform

ISO 10605: Overview of ESD Generator Parameters For the test of electronic modules, the ESD generator shall be configured with the 330 pF or 150 pF capacitor , depending on the DUT location in the vehicle (see 10.1), and the 330 Ω resistor. If the DUT location is not specified, the 330 pF capacitor shall be used.

ESD Standards Summary: Comparison of Major Standards Simulator model Charging capacitor Discharge resistor Test voltage (max) Environmental focus Human Body Model 100 pF 1,500Ω 500V to 2,000V Simulates the environment inside the factory environment (wafer fab/assembly IEC 61000-4-2 150 pF 330Ω 15kV air discharge Simulates the field level ESD to which applications will be subjected in the field ISO 10605, interior 330 pF 15kV contact discharge Simulates ESD environment inside the automobile; also used for electronic modules ISO 10605, exterior 25kV air discharge Simulates ESD environment around the exterior of the automobile

Thank You for your attention! Any questions?