Pay-as-You-Throw for Kingston MA John Craig, WasteZero March 18, 2015

About WasteZero Founded in 1991 Offices in Massachusetts, Maine, and North Carolina Focused on delivering best-in-class municipal waste reduction programs (100% customer retention rate for programs we design and manage) Work with approximately 800 municipalities and countless private customers across 41 states Certified as a B Corp—meets rigorous standards of social and environmental performance Committed to creating American jobs John Craig Director of Municipal Partnerships WasteZero

An Incentive to Waste? Metered Unmetered Solid waste is the only utility residents do not pay for based on actual use. Metered Unmetered Electricity Gas Trash Water The fact that garbage is an unmetered utility leads to avoidable waste of financial and environmental resources.

Why Pay-as-You-Throw? Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) systems are an alternative to the traditional MSW payment model. These systems share one very basic concept: customers who put out more waste for collection pay more than those who put out less. There are several benefits to PAYT policies: Economic incentives for residents to reduce waste and increase diversion Reduced solid waste collection and disposal costs Positive environmental impact from decreased waste and increased recycling

Annual Pounds per Capita of US Household Solid Waste Disposed WasteZero Trash Metering™ Results Annual Pounds per Capita of US Household Solid Waste Disposed

Immediate and Long-Term Results Results That Are Immediate… and Long-Term Long Term (Years 2-10): Within 90 days: Tonnage can be reduced by up to 60%. Tipping fees continue to decline, and recycling revenues rise. Resident satisfaction increases. Trash tonnage drops to 50% of national average and sometimes even lower. Disposal spending plummets. STORY: With these supplies, services, and programs in place (WasteZero Trash Metering™ program), results happen fast—and last. Recycling rates often double or even triple. Revenue from recycled material increases.

WasteZero Trash Metering™ Implementation and Management Support WasteZero can provide a range of program services and community support to help municipal leaders with their waste reduction program, both during the program’s launch and on an ongoing basis. WasteZero Trash Metering™ Program Management Provides the municipality with a main point of contact from WasteZero Program Services Community Support Manufactures highest quality, drawstring bags with custom imprinting and packaging Custom Bags and Packaging Provides critical, program-related information to residents Program Website Explains the program and provides recycling and waste reduction tips Educational Materials Stocks municipal bags in local retail stores for convenient residential purchase Retail Store Distribution™ Supplements the website, particularly for residents without Internet access Toll-Free Number Prepares officials to communicate effectively and consistently with media Media Briefing Package Provides logistics and full accounting to manage the inventory of bags Accounting and Financial Reporting Informs residents of the program’s launch and provides vital information Launch Announcements Helps officials communicate and celebrate the program’s successes Progress Reports and Case Studies

Pay-as-you-throw bags purchased at local retail stores Resident Perspective 1 Solid waste funding shifts from flat fee to variable rate (payment per bag) Fair 2 Pay-as-you-throw bags purchased at local retail stores Convenient 3 Pay-as-you-throw bags used for disposal at transfer station Easy WasteZero Trash Metering™ programs are successful in changing behaviors to reduce waste and increase recycling without disrupting residents. 4 Waste decreases and recycling increases Effective

Minimal Political Impact Strong Support for Pay-as-You-Throw In a 2014 Public Policy Polling survey of almost 1,000 PAYT participants from 10 communities, significant majorities expressed satisfaction with the program. High Favorability High Effectiveness Minimal Political Impact Do you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of pay-as- you-throw? Do you feel that pay-as-you- throw is performing better than you expected, as well as you expected, or worse than you expected? Does having pay-as-you-throw in place make you more or less likely to vote for the officials who implemented it, or does it not make a difference? Worcester—181K pop., 41% decrease in residential MSW, 1000% increase in recycling rate (from 3% to 36%) Decatur—20K pop., 42% decrease in residential MSW, 100% increase in recycling rate (from 11% to 22%) Tiverton—15K pop., 50% decrease in residential MSW, 100% increase in recycling rate (from 20% to 40%) Dartmouth—34K pop., 57% decrease in residential MSW, 185% increase in recycling rate (13% to 37%) Ashland—15K pop., 38% decrease in residential MSW, 200% increase in recycling rate (13% to 39%) Malden—56K pop., 49% decrease in residential MSW, 175% increase in recycling rate (from 9% to 25%) Note: Worcester cut its annual waste management costs by $1.2 million and increased its recycling rate from 3 percent to 36 percent with the introduction of Pay-As-You-Throw and a comprehensive curbside recycling program.

Annual Pounds of Trash per Capita Town of Sandwich—Case Study To address impending dramatic tipping fee increases, Sandwich began a WasteZero Trash Metering™ program in July 2011, taking advantage of WasteZero custom printed bags and the WasteZero Retail Store Distribution™ services. 20,675 population (~5,000 transfer station users) $82,900 median income/HH Bag-based PAYT at transfer station In the program’s first three years, Sandwich experienced 48% reduction in solid waste tonnage Recycling rate increase from 19% to 36% $425,000 in disposal savings Annual Pounds of Trash per Capita Worcester—181K pop., 41% decrease in residential MSW, 1000% increase in recycling rate (from 3% to 36%) Decatur—20K pop., 42% decrease in residential MSW, 100% increase in recycling rate (from 11% to 22%) Tiverton—15K pop., 50% decrease in residential MSW, 100% increase in recycling rate (from 20% to 40%) Dartmouth—34K pop., 57% decrease in residential MSW, 185% increase in recycling rate (13% to 37%) Ashland—15K pop., 38% decrease in residential MSW, 200% increase in recycling rate (13% to 39%) Malden—56K pop., 49% decrease in residential MSW, 175% increase in recycling rate (from 9% to 25%) Note: Worcester cut its annual waste management costs by $1.2 million and increased its recycling rate from 3 percent to 36 percent with the introduction of Pay-As-You-Throw and a comprehensive curbside recycling program.

Town of Plymouth—Reduced Solid Waste Tonnage In the first year of PAYT, Plymouth met its solid waste reduction targets, cutting MSW tonnage by 44%—from 1.14 tons per household in FY13 to .64 tons in FY14.

Town of Plymouth—Increased Recycling The recycling rate in Plymouth nearly doubled in the first year of PAYT.