Malaria Infection and Treatment by Mahmoud Lubbad

Outline Introduction Classification History and future research Life cycle of Malaria Treatment Conclusion

What is Malaria? Malaria is a parasite that enters the blood. This parasite is a protozoan called Plasmodium. 3 to700 million people get malaria each year,but only kills 1 to 2 million 40% of the worlds population lives in Malaria zones Malaria zones are: Africa, India, Middle East, South East Asia, central and South America, Eastern Europe, and the South Pacific

Classification Phylum: Protozoa Subphylum: Plasmodroma Class: Sporozoa Subclass: Haemosporidae Genus: Plasmodium plasmodium falciparum plasmodium vivax plasmodium oval plasmodium malaria # . Recently plasmodium knowls has been reported and identified as cause malaria in monkeys and humans.

History and future research One of the oldest known diseases. References to malaria have been recorded for nearly 6000 years, starting in China. First advances in malaria were made in 1880 by a French army doctor named Charles Charles Finlay discovered that mosquitoes transmitted diseases. Ronald Ross discovered that mosquitoes transmitted malaria in 1898. First effective medicine was discovered by Pierre Pelletier and Joseph Caventou. This medicine is called quinine, which comes from the bark of cinchona trees in Peru. No effective vaccine: only immunity is a result of multiple infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) applied a guidelines that could be followed to cure malaria on a global level.

History and future research For more than 4000 years malaria was revealed and reported in many places all over the world, such as, Chinese medical writings in 2700 BC, Greece books in the 4th century and in the ancient Roman Manuscripts . It was identified as severe ague then called malaria (Mal'aria) which means bad air in Italian.  

The life cycle of Malaria The life cycle of parasite in the anopheles mosquitoes goes into two pathways: sexual and asexual reproduction.

Treatment Antimalarial drugs: Caution Uses Types of drugs diabetic All types of malaria Quinine kidney problem, epilepsy Only with p.vivax,oval,malaria Chloroquine pregnant P.vivax,oval(inside liver cells) radical cure Primaquine nervous system disorder P.falcibarum Mefloquine pregnant, breast feeding Malarone® pregnant, hepatic ,kidney,heart dysfunction Artemisinins

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Conclusion Malaria is an old disease which has been for more than 4000 years. The cause of this disease is a parasite which has more than 200 species and its life cycle is distributed between vector (mosquito) and host (mosquito and human). Different treatment policies No vaccines (complicated life cycle) Parasite resistance towads antimalarial drugs

References Sherman, I. (2011) Magic Bullets To conquer Malaria from Quinine to Qinghaosu. Washington: American Society for Microbiology World Health Organization(2011) Guidelines for the treatment of malaria [online] available from <http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/mal_treatchild_ revised.pdf> [29 July 2011]

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