Standards and Objective SSHS-S1C8-01-d Strand 1: American History Concept 8: Great Depression and World War II PO 2. Describe the impact of American involvement in World War II: e. war mobilization ( e.g., Native American Code-Talkers, minority participation in military units, media portrayal) Students will comprehend the events in the Pacific by identifying major strategies and turning points.

War in the Pacific War at sea

The Fall of The Philippines Japan invaded the Philippines and pushed back MacArthur’s troops MacArthur retreated to the Bataan Peninsula Held out for 3 months in desperation, the troops ate their horses and mules

The Bataan Death March MacArthur had to finally surrender Said “ I came through, and I shall return. 78,000 prisoners of war were forced to march 65 miles They were sick, exhausted and starving Almost 10,000 troops died

The Doolittle Raid FDR wanted to bomb raise the morale of the American people by bombing Tokyo Only way planes could reach Japan though was by aircraft carrier and they couldn’t get close enough Decided to put B-25s on the carriers instead because they were longer range but they had to land in china Lieutenant Colonel Doolittle commanded the first bombing of Japan

Navajo Code Talkers The Navajo recruits developed code words using their language to make it even harder to decipher At the Battle of Iwo Jima, code talkers transmitted more than 800 messages during the first 48 hours Top secret mission that wasn’t revealed until 1971 In 2001 they were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor

Samuel Tso

The Battle of Midway Admiral Yamamoto planned to attack Midway but used the same code that the Americans had already cracked The Japanese headed to midway and were ambushed by the Americans The Japanese prepared for a second wave but American planes bombed and destroyed four Japanese carriers Admiral Yamamoto ordered a retreat Turning point in the war in the Pacific

Let’s Think What made the Battle of Midway a major turning point? Why are the topics we have talked about so far considered important? e.g.: MacArthur’s retreat, the Bataan Death March, Code Talkers, the Doolittle Raid

Driving Back Japan Island Hopping -moving from one island to the next getting closer and closer to Japan A major problem was that many of the island were coral reef atolls so when ships ran aground on them, soldiers had to wade to shore under heavy fire At Tarawa, Amphtracs were used to help Marines get ashore but there weren’t enough of them Used Amphtracs to take Kwajalein and the Marshal Islands

The Mariana Islands Despite strong Japanese resistance, Admiral Nimitz wanted to take the Mariana Islands These Islands could be used as a heavy bomber base American troops captured all three Islands by August 1944 B-29s started bombing Japan

Steps to the Philippines MacArthur worked on invading the Solomon Islands Finally captured enough islands to surround the main Japanese base causing them to withdraw but leave 100,000 troops Afraid he was being left behind, MacArthur advanced and was able to take New Guinea

MacArthur Returns To take back the Philippines, the U.S. assembled an enormous invasion force October 1944, over 700 ships carrying more than 160,000 troops A few hours after the invasion began, MacArthur headed to the beach and grabbing a radio microphone said: “People of the Philippines, I have returned. By the grace of Almighty God, our forces stand again on Philippine soil.”

The Battle of Leyte Gulf Largest naval battle in history First time the Japanese used Kamikaze attacks Kamikaze means: Divine Wind Just as things got desperate for Americans the Japanese commander ordered a retreat thinking more American ships were on the way

Victory in the Philippines The campaign to recapture the Philippines was long and grueling More ahn 80,000 Japanese were killed and less than 1,000 surrendered MacArthur’s troops did not capture Manila until March 1945 The battle left the city in ruins and more than 100,000 Filipino Civilians dead The remaining Japanese retreated into the wilderness and continued fighting until word came that Japan had surrendered

Let’s Review What advantages did the code talkers provide for Americans forces? What was “Island Hopping” and how was it successful?