Word Formation

Types of word formation Derivation (shame – shameless) Back formation (editor – edit) Blending (smoke + fog – smog) Acronym (light amplified by stimulated emission of radiation – laser) Clipping (advertisement – ad) Compound (earth + quake – earthquake) Conversion (clean – to clean) Onomatopoeia (cuckoo) Neologism (quark)

Derivation Suffixes (happy – happiness, slow – slowly, determine – determination) Prefixes (happy – unhappy, loyal – disloyal, calculate – miscalculate, legally – illegally)

Noun suffixes -dom king – kingdom wise – wisdom -ity capable – capability flexible – flexibility -ment content – contentment resent – resentment -sion, - tion celebrate – celebration express – expression

Noun suffixes -ness kind – kindness drowsy – drowsiness -ance, -ence assist – assistance reside – residence -er, -or fight – fighter act – actor -ist violin – violinist type – typist

Adjective suffixes -ive extend – extensive select – selective -en wood – wooden gold – golden -ic hero – heroic poet – poetic -al finance – financial type – typical

Adjective suffixes -able pleasure – pleasurable drink – drinkable -y hair – hairy rain – rainy -ous mystery – mysterious delirium – delirious -ful beauty – beautiful hope – hopeful -less thought – thoughtless care – careless

Verb suffixes -en bright – brighten soft – soften -ize public – publicize demon – demonize -ate active – activate different – differentiate -(i)fy simple – simplify solid – solidify

Adverb suffixes -ly worried – worriedly distant – distantly

Prefixes (negative) a- moral – amoral theist – atheist non- compliance – noncompliance sense – nonsense dis- infect – disinfect arm – disarm de- frost – defrost code – decode

Prefixes in- articulate – inarticulate sanity – insanity but im- (m/p/b) moral – immoral possible – impossible il- (l) logical – illogical legal – illegal ir- (r) relevant – irrelevant regular – irregular

Prefixes un- able – unable helpful – unhelpful anti- war – antiwar virus – antivirus counter- part – counterpart strike – counterstrike extra- ordinary – extraordinary curricular – extracurricular

Reference http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/reading/suffixes.html#noun http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/prefixtext.htm http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/prefixes.htm