Aerobic Respiration Why Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Steps Net Reaction Pyruvate Oxidation Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle The Electron Transport Chain The Role of O2 Proton Gradient and Chemiosmosis ATP Synthase Uncoupling the ETC

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Aerobic Respiration – With O2

What’s the goal of cellular respiration? _______________ Goal is make  Energy (ATP) C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP

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Glycolysis Unfortunately there is a little more detail than that! Consists of 10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions which change the 6-carbon glucose into two 3 carbon pyruvate molecules ______________ Has two phases: 1) Energy Investment Phase 2) .................................

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The Steps, here’s where it gets complicated!! ______________

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Step 3

Step 4

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So Far We’ve had 5 steps which have taken us from + 2 ATP  2 X We have ................................

Note – Since Two G3P’s were produced in Step 5, everything shown is now doubled

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Step 8

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Net Reaction Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+  2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+

The energy that is stored by the synthesis of two moles of ATP is 62 kJ. ................................ The glycolysis energy conversion efficiency (per mole glucose processed) ................................

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Mitochondria In Eukaryotes - ................................ In Prokaryotes - cytoplasm

Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation Two pyruvate molecules are transported through the two membranes and into the mitochondrial matrix ______________

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(Krebs Cycle, Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle) Citric Acid Cycle Stage 3 (Krebs Cycle, Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle)

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Krebs Cycle Animation See how animations are embedded into the slides  The Krebs Cycle Video See how videos are embedded into the slides 

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To Do In your textbook please find the actual breakdown of the Citric Acid cycle and write ALL of the steps into your notes (you don’t have to include enzymes) Include diagrams of the molecules involved Include ..........................

What have we made so far from our single molecule of Glucose? Process Energy Carrier Created ATP NADH FADH2 H+ Glycolysis 2 Pyruvate Oxidation 1 X 2 = 2 Citric Acid Cycle 3 X 2 = 6 Total 4 10

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We now need to extract the energy from our electron carriers (NADH and FADH2). ______________

The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) The electron transport chain is comprised of a system of components on the inner mitochondrial membrane ______________ It consists of four ..........................

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Oxygen’s Role The .......................... Oxygen goes to the mitochondria to perform the single vital task of pulling electrons away from complex IV. ______________

Each component on the ETC is more electronegative than the preceding carrier in the chain. This allows the electrons to be moved along .......................... ______________

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As a result of proton pumping across the inner membrane, .......................... This difference in H+ concentration is called a ______________

Proton Gradient When one side of the inner mitochondrial membrane has more protons than the other side, the difference represents a source of energy that can be harnessed to do work.

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Chemiosmosis ______________ H+ move across the inner mitochondria membrane and ..........................

ATP Synthase: A Molecular Motor ATP synthase is a structure that spans the inner mitochondrial membrane _____________ ATP is created from ADP + Pi

Uncoupling Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis When electron transport and ATP synthesis are uncoupled, the energy that is released during electron transport is not converted to ATP energy. Instead, it is released as .......................... Uncoupling proteins, when present, are in the inner mitochondrial membrane and give protons an alternative pathway to re-enter the matrix—____________

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Uncoupling electron transport causes free energy that would be used to generate ATP ____________ This is useful for: hibernating mammals, some ..........................