TRANSFORMER HEALTH MONITORING WIRELESS USING RF COMMUNICATION Project Title TRANSFORMER HEALTH MONITORING WIRELESS USING RF COMMUNICATION Under the Guidance of Submitted by

OVERVIEW The main aim of the project is to acquire data of distribution transformers remotely by XBEE. one temperature sensor, one potential transformer and one current transformer are used. These three parameters of the transformer are monitored and then send the same data to a remote location.

…CONTD LM35 is used to sense the temperature of the transformer and it is fed to microcontroller through ADC 0808. Current transformer arrangement provides a maximum of 5 A current can be sensed. Potential Transformer is used to sense the voltage fluctuations of the Transformer. All these three sensing arrangements are done through an ADC 0808 and it will send the data to microcontroller AT89s52.

…..contd 3 analog value are taken in multiplexing mode connected to a programmable microcontroller of 8051 family . An IC ADC 0808 is used ,then the values of all the sensors are sent sequentially as per the frequency of multiplexing of the ADC by MC They are then sent directly to XBEE module operating at 2.4GHz for transmitting the same data. Remote receiver is also a microcontroller based unit that receives not only the real time data. It can also handle the error signal along with to operate corresponding relay for any action with LCD display.

BLOCK DIAGRAM Transmitter section

BLOCK DIAGRAM Receiver section

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS POWER SUPPLY BLOCK MICROCONTROLLER AT89S52/AT89C51 RF TRANSCIEVER 2.4GHZ MODULE REGULATORS CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR DIODES LCD 16X2 CAPACITORS CURRENT TRANSFORMER POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER LM 35 TEMPARATURE SENSOR ADC 0808

POWER SUPPLY Bridge rectifier 5v Regulator 230 V AC 50 Hz 5V DC Filter(470µf) 12V step down transformer

It is a smaller computer Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports... MICROCONTROLLER It is a smaller computer Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports... RAM ROM I/O Port Timer Serial COM Port Microcontroller CPU A single chip

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A MICRO CONTROLLER-AT89S52/51 CPU On-chip RAM On-chip ROM for program code 4 I/O Ports Timer 0 Serial Port OSC Interrupt Control External interrupts Timer 1 Timer/Counter Bus Control TxD RxD P0 P1 P2 P3 Address/Data Counter Inputs

Features of AT89S51/52 Compatible with MCS®-51 Products 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Full Duplex UART Serial Channel Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode Watchdog Timer Dual Data Pointer

Pin Description

RF TRANSCIEVER 2.4GHZ MODULE 2.4 Ghz module is a very precise ,accurate and high speed data transfer can be achieved. It supports the baud rates 9600,19200,..etc It is a transceiver module through which data can be transmitted and received simultaneously.

….CONTD It should be connected to any TTL/CMOS logic serial RXD and TXD lines and can support Baud-rate of 9600bps, 19200bps, 38400bps and 57600bps. It also supports 4 unique RF Channel selections to reduce congestions on the same channel during peer-to-peer communication.

Features…… No configuration needed for out-of-the-box RF communications Standard Serial Communication Socket for easy integration Fast 250 kbps RF air-data rate to the end node 2.4 GHz for worldwide deployment Baud-rate selection and channel frequency selection Up to 100meters outdoor open air node-to-node range

Applications Wireless telemetry for transmitting sensor data Remote control applications with fast response requirements Wireless Home Networking applications Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint network topologies Wireless mouse, wireless keyboard and other wireless user interface devices Wireless data logging applications Audience response systems UAV communication and control Swarm Robotics Wireless Audio transmission applications

Pin-out Info…… Pin 1- Ground Pin 2- VCC (4.25V to 12.0V regulated power) Pin 3- Transmit Serial Data Output from Module (3.3V TTL) Pin 4- Receive Serial Data Input from External Device (3.3V to 5V TTL)

Image of 2.4 ghz module/xbee

About adc 0808 The ADC0808 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter, 8-channel multiplexer and microprocessor compatible control logic. The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as the conversion technique. The converter features a high impedance chopper stabilized comparator A 256R voltage divider with analog switch tree and a successive approximation register.

Features…. Easy interface to all microprocessors Operates ratiometrically or with 5 VDC or analog span adjusted voltage reference No zero or full-scale adjust required 8-channel multiplexer with address logic 0V to VCC input range Outputs meet TTL voltage level specifications ADC0808 equivalent to MM74C949

Pin diagram OF ADC 0808

Key Specifications Resolution 8 Bits Total Unadjusted Error ±½ LSB and ±1 LSB Single Supply 5 VDC Low Power 15 mW Conversion Time 100 μs

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD) Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays. This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively. The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source (and communicates directly with the LCD.

If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines LCD BACKGROUND If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines (3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus) The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data) RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command) (When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data ) R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD) (When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD)

LM 35 TEMPARATURE SENSOR LM35 are used to sense the heat and an IC ADC0808 is used to convert the data into digital. LM35 digital sensor has got 3 pin’s i.e., VCC, GND and output pin’s when LM35 is heated the voltage at output pin increases, it is connected to the analog to digital convertor IC (ADC). The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling.

…..contd The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±1⁄4˚C    at room temperature and ±3⁄4˚C over a full −55 to +150˚C temperature range.

RELAY IT IS A ELECTRO MAGNETIC SWITCH USED TO CONTROL THE ELECTRICAL DEVICES COPPER CORE MAGNETIC FLUX PLAYS MAIN ROLE HERE

The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and NO: COM = Common, always connect to this; it is the moving part of the itch. NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off. NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on

Software Requirements Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-time kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated environments, evaluation boards, and emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families. Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to object code. Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the underlying microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors.

i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like ‘C’ will compile the code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86 (underlying microprocessor in the computer). For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the Compilers for Unix platform  So if one wants to define a compiler then compiler is a program that translates source code into object code.

Applications

Advantages

Conclusion

Future scope

BIBILOGRAPHY “The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems” by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi , Pearson Education. ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets. www.atmel.com www.beyondlogic.org www.wikipedia.org www.howstuffworks.com www.alldatasheets.com

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