Biomarkers for Early Diagnostic of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type-2 Diabetes Patients: A Multicentre, Retrospective, Nested Case–Control Study  Zhi-Peng.

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Biomarkers for Early Diagnostic of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type-2 Diabetes Patients: A Multicentre, Retrospective, Nested Case–Control Study  Zhi-Peng Xu, Su-Lian Yang, Shi Zhao, Cheng-Hong Zheng, Hong-Hua Li, Yao Zhang, Rong-Xi Huang, Meng-Zhu Li, Yuan Gao, Shu- Juan Zhang, Pei-Yan Zhan, Li-Fang Zhang, Lin Deng, Sheng Wei, Yan-Chao Liu, Jing-Wang Ye, Hu-Jun Ren, Na Li, Cai-Xia Kong, Xin Wang, Lin Fang, Qiu-Zhi Zhou, Hong-Wei Jiang, Jing-Rong Li, Qun Wang, Dan Ke, Gong-Ping Liu, Jian-Zhi Wang  EBioMedicine  Volume 5, Pages 105-113 (March 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.014 Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Study profile. EBioMedicine 2016 5, 105-113DOI: (10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.014) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Six ApoE genotypes detected in this study. We detected six ApoE genotypes: ε2ε2, ε3ε3, ε4ε4, ε2ε3, ε2ε4, and ε3ε4 in T2DM patients. EBioMedicine 2016 5, 105-113DOI: (10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.014) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 The differences of ApoE between T2DM-nMCI group and T2DM-MCI group in the training set and the validation set. The ε3ε4 genotype in T2DM-MCI group was higher than that in T2DM-nMCI group, and the ε3ε3 genotype in T2DM-MCI group was lower than that in T2DM-nMCI. *P<0.05 versus the T2DM-nMCI group. EBioMedicine 2016 5, 105-113DOI: (10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.014) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 The difference of GSK-3β expressions in serum between T2DM-nMCI group (n=7) and T2DM-MCI group (n=12). The expressions of GSK-3β in serum of T2DM-MCI group were higher than those in T2DM-nMCI group *P<0.05 versus the T2DM-nMCI group. EBioMedicine 2016 5, 105-113DOI: (10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.014) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 The differences of platelet GSK-3β activity between control group (n=6), T2DM-nMCI group (n=34) and T2DM-MCI group (n=33). T2DM-MCI group had higher GSK-3β activity than T2DM-nMCI group, and T2DM-nMCI group had higher GSK-3β activity than control group in the platelet. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 versus the NC group or T2DM-nMCI group. EBioMedicine 2016 5, 105-113DOI: (10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.014) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 The comparison of GSK-3β expressions in the platelets of different participants by Western blot and Dot blot. The results of Western blot analysis were in accordance with those of Dot blot. EBioMedicine 2016 5, 105-113DOI: (10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.014) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 The differences of platelet GSK-3β activity between T2DM-nMCI group and T2DM-MCI group by Western blot and Dot blot. (A) The expressions of total GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β (ser9) in the platelet by Western blot; (B) the expressions of total GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β (ser9) in the platelet by Dot blot; (C) quantitative analysis of Western blot; (D) Quantitative analysis of Dot blot. *P<0.05 versus T2DM-nMCI group. EBioMedicine 2016 5, 105-113DOI: (10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.014) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 The differences of platelet rGSK-3β between T2DM-AD group (n=15), T2DM-nMCI group (n=15) and T2DM-MCI group (n=15). T2DM-AD group had higher rGSK-3β than T2DM-MCI group, and T2DM-MCI group had higher rGSK-3β than T2DM-nMCI group in the platelet. EBioMedicine 2016 5, 105-113DOI: (10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.014) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 9 ROC (receiver operating curves) show diagnostic efficacy of the combined biomarkers (age, ApoE ε4 gene, olfactory threshold and GSK-3β ratio) in the training set and the confirmation in the validation set. EBioMedicine 2016 5, 105-113DOI: (10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.014) Copyright © 2016 The Authors Terms and Conditions