Chapter 8, pp (*figures from text)

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 8, pp. 359-406 (*figures from text) WIND TURBINE CONTROL Wind Energy Explained Chapter 8, pp. 359-406 (*figures from text) David Peters

8.1 Introduction Things to control statically: storage of wind speed measurements health usage monitoring release parking brake blade pitch settings electrical contacts to power grid

Things to control dynamically: blade collective and cyclic pitch nacelle yaw angle generator torque rotor RPM rotor shutdown in high winds

Examples of control systems

10kW Bergey Excel

Lagerwey LW18/80

ESI-80

Vestas V47-660/200 kW

Enron Wind 750i

8.2 Overview of Wind Turbine Control Systems 8.2.1 Basic turbine model aerodynamics rotor inertia shaft flexibility brake torque drive train inertia electrical torque

8.2.2 Control system components controller amplifier actuator plant model sensors

8.2.3 Control of turbine processes aerodynamic torque generator torque brake torque yaw orientation

8.3 Typical Grid-connected Turbine Operation 8.3.1 Constant-speed operating systems stall-regulated two-speed stall regulated active pitch regulated

8.3.2 Variable-speed operating systems stall-regulated active pitch regulated passive pitch regulated

8.4 Supervisory Control Overview 8.4.1 Supervisory control-system safety reporting monitoring operation managing operation emergency systems

8.4.2a Operating states-coming on line system check ready for operation start and brake release grid connection power production

8.4.2b Operating States-coming off line grid disconnection freewheeling shutdown emergency shutdown

8.4.3 Fault diagnosis 8.4.4 Implementation hardware logic control electrical logic control computer control

8.4.5 Fail-safe backup systems grid loss controller failure independent emergency shutdown independent hardware shutdown

8.5 Dynamic Control Theory and Implementation 8.5.1 - Purpose of dynamic control (example of yaw) proportional gain (bring to desired value) rate gain (stop at desired value) integral gain (account for static disturbances) choice of gains for stability and performance

8.5.2 Dynamic control system design methodologies classical control adaptive control optimal control genetic control system models physically based system identification

8.5.3 Control issues specific to turbines 1. types of disturbances 2. response t disturbances

8.5.3 Control issues specific to turbines 3. resonances 4. speed ratio issues 5. transitions

8.5.3 Control issues specific to turbines 6. wind turbine loads

8.5.4 Dynamic control system implementation 1. mechanical systems 2. analog and op-amp systems

8.5.4 Dynamic control system implementation 3. digital systems

8.6 Summary and Conclusions Other texts: Garcia-Sans, Mario and Houpis, H. Constantine, Wind Energy Systems: Control Engineering Design, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2012.