Closing entries transfer the temporary account balances to the owner’s capital account. After the closing entries are posted, a post-closing trial balance is prepared to verify that debits equal credits. Glencoe Accounting Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Explain the purpose of the Income Summary account. Explain why it is necessary to update accounts through closing entries. Explain the purpose of the Income Summary account. Explain the relationship between the Income Summary Account and the capital account. Analyze and journalize the closing entries. Post the closing entries to the general ledger. Prepare a post-closing trial balance. Glencoe Accounting Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Key Terms closing entries Income Summary account compound entry Preparing Closing Entries Section 10.1 Key Terms closing entries Income Summary account compound entry Glencoe Accounting

Completing the Accounting Cycle Preparing Closing Entries Section 10.1 After the closing entries have been journalized and posted, a trial balance is prepared. closing entries Journal entries made to close, or reduce to zero, the balances in the temporary accounts and to transfer the net income or net loss for the period to the capital account. Glencoe Accounting

Starting the Eighth Step in the Accounting Cycle: Journalizing the Closing Entries Preparing Closing Entries Section 10.1 Glencoe Accounting

The Income Summary Account Preparing Closing Entries Section 10.1 The Income Summary Account Income Summary account The general ledger account used to summarize the revenue and expenses for the period. Serves as a simple income statement in the general ledger Used to accumulate revenue and expenses for the period Equals the net income or loss for the period Glencoe Accounting

The Income Summary Account Preparing Closing Entries Section 10.1 is used only at the end of the accounting period to summarize revenue and expense balances. The Income Summary account is a temporary account that: does not have a normal balance. has a zero balance before and after the closing. does not appear on any financial statement. Glencoe Accounting

Preparing the Closing Entries Preparing Closing Entries Section 10.1 Enter Closing Entries in the Description column. To record closing entries in the general journal: Enter the last day of the accounting period. Enter the name(s) and amount(s) of the account(s) to be debited. Enter Income Summary as the name of the account to be credited and the amount to be credited. Glencoe Accounting

Preparing Closing Entries Section 10.1 Closing Entry First Closing Entry—Close Revenue to Income Summary See page 257 Glencoe Accounting

Preparing Closing Entries Section 10.1 Closing Entry Second Closing Entry—Close Expenses to Income Summary See page 258 Glencoe Accounting

Preparing Closing Entries Section 10.1 Closing Entry Second Closing Entry—Close Expenses to Income Summary See pages 258–259 Glencoe Accounting

Preparing Closing Entries Section 10.1 Closing Entry Third Closing Entry—Close Income Summary to Capital See page 259–260 Glencoe Accounting

Preparing Closing Entries Section 10.1 Closing Entry Fourth Closing Entry—Close Withdrawals to Capital See page 261 Glencoe Accounting

Key Term post-closing trial balance Section 10.2 Posting Closing Entries and Preparing a Post-Closing Trial Balance Section 10.2 Key Term post-closing trial balance Glencoe Accounting

Closing Entries Posted to the General Ledger Completing the Eighth Step in the Accounting Cycle: Posting the Closing Entries to the General Ledger Posting Closing Entries and Preparing a Post-Closing Trial Balance Section 10.2 Closing Entries Posted to the General Ledger See page 263 Glencoe Accounting

Post-Closing Trial Balance The Ninth Step in the Accounting Cycle: Preparing a Post-Closing Trial Balance Posting Closing Entries and Preparing a Post-Closing Trial Balance Section 10.2 Post-Closing Trial Balance See page 265 post-closing trial balance A list of the permanent general ledger account balances; it is prepared to prove the ledger after the closing entries are posted. Glencoe Accounting

Step 1 (continued) Question 1 As a result of the first two closing entries, the Income Summary account had a debit of $2,250 and a credit of $4,125. (a) What does the debit of $2,250 represent? (b) What does the credit of $4,125 represent? List the process to use to complete the third closing entry to close the balance of the Income Summary account to Scott Jones, Capital. Step 1 Calculate the balance of the Income Summary account. Credits are more than debits; therefore, $4,125 - $2,250 = $1,875 credit balance, which indicates a net income. (continued) Glencoe Accounting

Step 2 (continued) Question 1 As a result of the first two closing entries, the Income Summary account had a debit of $2,250 and a credit of $4,125. (a) What does the debit of $2,250 represent? (b) What does the credit of $4,125 represent? List the process to use to complete the third closing entry to close the balance of the Income Summary account to Scott Jones, Capital. Step 2 Identify the accounts affected. The accounts Income Summary and Scott Jones, Capital are affected. (continued) Glencoe Accounting

Step 3 (continued) Question 1 As a result of the first two closing entries, the Income Summary account had a debit of $2,250 and a credit of $4,125. (a) What does the debit of $2,250 represent? (b) What does the credit of $4,125 represent? List the process to use to complete the third closing entry to close the balance of the Income Summary account to Scott Jones, Capital. Step 3 Classify the accounts affected. Income Summary is a temporary owner’s equity account; Scott Jones, Capital is the permanent owner’s capital account. (continued) Glencoe Accounting

Step 4 (continued) Question 1 As a result of the first two closing entries, the Income Summary account had a debit of $2,250 and a credit of $4,125. (a) What does the debit of $2,250 represent? (b) What does the credit of $4,125 represent? List the process to use to complete the third closing entry to close the balance of the Income Summary account to Scott Jones, Capital. Step 4 Are the accounts increased or decreased? The Income Summary account is decreased by its balance, $1,875, to zero. Scott Jones, Capital is increased by $1,875. (continued) Glencoe Accounting

Question 1 As a result of the first two closing entries, the Income Summary account had a debit of $2,250 and a credit of $4,125. (a) What does the debit of $2,250 represent? (b) What does the credit of $4,125 represent? List the process to use to complete the third closing entry to close the balance of the Income Summary account to Scott Jones, Capital. Step 5 Apply the debit/credit rule. To reduce the Income Summary account to zero, debit Income Summary $1,875. To increase the capital account, credit Scott Jones, Capital for $1,875. Glencoe Accounting

Question 2 Why are all of the temporary accounts reset to zero at the end of the fiscal year? All revenues increase owner’s equity, and all expenses reduce owner’s equity. These transactions are separated from capital so the business can analyze how a profit or loss was made during the year. At the end of the year, the accumulation of these revenues and expenses are transferred into the capital account. The temporary accounts are reset to zero, which allows the business to compare the revenue and expense data from one period to the next. Glencoe Accounting

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