A Nation Divided Chapter 14 1846-1861

Based on what you know about history what would have been the “hot” topic in the 1848 election? How did the Mexican War lead to Conflict over slavery?

Causes and Events that led to War Wilmot Proviso –1846 The Compromise of 1850 Uncle Tom’s Cabin-1852 The Kansas-Nebraska Act- 1854 Bleeding Kansas Dred Scott Decision-1857 John Brown’s Raid- 1859 The Election of 1860 Southern States Secede Fort Sumter

Wilmot Proviso Wilmot’s proviso is an attempt to ban slavery from any territory gained from the Mexican War. Passes in House of Representatives but fails in the Senate. Angers the South. The South feels that the North is attacking slavery Free-Soil Party is formed. David Wilmot

How do you think the Wilmot Proviso would increase tension between the North and South?

What was Popular Sovereignty. Whose idea was this What was Popular Sovereignty? Whose idea was this? Would you support this idea? How did the Free Soil Party affect the 1848 Election?

Popular Sovereignty Proposed by Lewis Cass, The Democratic Candidate for President in the 1848 election. Popular Sovereignty is an idea that would have the residents of the territory or state vote directly on the issues, rather than having their elected representative vote for them. The issue in this case would be slavery in the territories.

Free Soil Party is formed in 1848 Martin Van Buren is the Free Soil Candidate The party is formed by people that wanted a stronger stance against slavery The main goal of this party was to make all the territory gained from the Mexican War free from slavery

The Election of 1848 Democrats blame Free Soil party for Taking votes from them This resulted in Zachary Taylor, Whig Party, winning the election.

Why would the admission of California as a free state be so controversial in 1849? How could this issue be resolved?

The Compromise of 1850 “The Bitter Debate” Parts that please the South A tough new Fugitive Slave Law is Adopted Popular Sovereignty will be used to decide slavery in the rest of the Mexican Cession Parts that Please the North Slave Trade is banned in Washington D.C. California would be admitted as a Free State

Compromise of 1850 John C Calhoun Argued against the Compromise. Henry Clay. Persauded Congress to adopt The Compromise. Daniel Webster. Supported Clay’s proposals.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin After reading the excerpt on page 488 answer the following questions. How did this reading make you feel? What effect do you think it would have on a Northerner at this time? What effect do you think it would have on a Southerner at this time.

Uncle Toms Cabin Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe 1852 Many northerners feel compelled to fight against slavery after reading this book. Southerners angered by the book calling it a lie and propaganda. Harriet Beecher Stowe

The Kansas Nebraska Act 1854 Proposed by Stephen Douglas Will use Popular Sovereignty in the Kansas Nebraska Territories to decide slavery. Undid the Missouri Compromise and Angers many northerners.

Kansas-Nebraska Act Stephen Douglas. Senator from Illinois and author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Pottawatomie Massacre This is John Brown. He is Abolitionist that led the Pottawotomie massacre. He would take part in a number of battles in Kansas and would eventually lead a raid on Harpers Ferry

Bleeding Kansas Free-Staters and Pro-Slavery forces try to gain a majority in Kansas for the Election. The first election is a victory for the Pro-Slavery faction due to Border Ruffians flooding into Kansas to vote illegally. Two governments will be formed in Kansas and violence will soon erupt.

John Brown

A New Anti- Slavery Party 1854- the Whig Party split. The Republican Party is formed. Many former Whigs, Free-Soilers, northern Democrats join this party. Republicans were against the spread of slavery into the western territories. 1854- Congressional elections, Republicans win 105 out of 245 seats in the House. John Fremont was the first Republican presidential candidate in 1856. He won 11 of 16 free states.

Bloodshed in the Senate Preston Brooks attacks Charles Sumner for statements made against Brooks’ uncle, Andrew Butler.

Dred Scott Case Dred Scott was a slave that sued for his freedom based on the fact that he at one time resided in a free state and territory so he should therefore be free. The ruling would shock the nation.

Dred Scott Chief Justice Taney ruled that….. Scott was property. A slave owners property rights were protected when he takes a slave into free territory Scott was not a citizen so he couldn’t sue in Federal Court. Congress cannot regulate slavery. That issue should be left to the states. The Missouri Compromise was ruled unconstitutional. South rejoiced while the north was outraged. many northerners feel more sympathetic to the abolitionist cause.

Dred Scott Roger Taney

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates Abraham Lincoln returns to politics as a Republican. He opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act. He ran against Stephen Douglas in 1858 for the Illinois Senate seat. Lincoln fights against the spread of Slavery Lincoln and Douglas engaged each other in a series of debates that receive nation wide attention. Douglas portrays Lincoln as an abolitionist. Lincoln Loses but gains national attention.

John Brown’s Raid John Brown leads a raid on Harpers ferry Va. This was a federal Arsenal. His plan was to take the weapons from the federal arsenal and lead a slave revolt in the South. He would be wounded, captured and executed for this.

John Brown This is a portrait of Brown around 1859.

The Election of 1860 Lincoln will win the election of 1860. Many Southerners felt that he was an abolitionists. As in the 1856 election,southerners threatened secession if a candidate with anti-slavery views is elected. South Carolina would be the first state to secede on December 20, 1860.

Southern States Secede By February GA, FL, AL, MS, LA, and TX joined South Carolina. They met in Montgomery Alabama and elected Jefferson Davis (MS) as the President of the Confederate States of America. VA, NC, TN, AR, would join by April of 1861.

The United States of America Jefferson Davis President Abraham Lincoln President The United States of America Jefferson Davis President The Confederate States of America

Fort Sumter Confederate troops took over government offices, buildings, forts throughout the South. Confederate troops laid siege to Ft. Sumter in December. April 12, 1861 the confederates open fire on Ft. Sumter. The war was on!!!