Sustainable Engineering Bubble Deck Presented by : Sarah Farhan Supervised by Prof. Dr. Amer M. Ibrahim

Sustainable Engineering as an Aspect of Engineering Disciplines Every engineering discipline is engaged in sustainable design, employing numerous initiatives, especially life cycle analysis (LCA), pollution prevention, design for the environment (DfE), and design for recycling (DfR).

What is Sustainability is the process of designing or operating systems such that they use energy and resources sustainably, i.e., at a rate that does not compromise the natural environment, or the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

THE ROLE OF ENGINEERS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Economy to optimise economic returns Environment to optimise the use of natural resources and minimise environmental impacts Society to supply human needs and improve quality of life

• Strives to solve the problem for the indefinite future (for ever) Sustainable Engineering: • Integrates technical and nontechnical issues • Strives to solve the problem for the indefinite future (for ever) • Considers the global context (planet) sustainable Engineering Design Criteria Safety Function Cost Impact on the planet (environment) Impact on people (society)

Traditional Engineering: • Focuses on technical issues • Solves the immediate problem (now) • Considers the local context (user) Traditional Engineering Design Criteria Function Cost Safety

Designing a new computer infrastructure Traditional engineering: Focus on performance - Sustainable Engineering: How will widespread use impact electricity demand and electronics recycling?

Traditional engineering: How effective is it in my wood product? Sustainable Engineering: How will wide use affect the construction industry? How will the chemical affect demolition waste/recycling?

Introduction Concrete is heavy, and 5% of the world's Co2 is created during the manufacture of the cement that goes into it. Then there is the aggregate that is dug out and the trucks that have to carry it. Not only that, but most of the concrete that is in a slab isn't even needed; it is just a spacer between the bottom, where the reinforcing steel is in tension, and the top, where the concrete is in compression.

Bubble Deck is a really clever solution to this problem: it fills the slab with plastic balls. It has been used a few times in Canada,

Bubble Deck is a two-way spanning hollow deck in which recycled plastic bubbles serve the purpose of eliminating non-structural concrete , there by reducing structural dead weight ,Void formers in the middle of a flat slab eliminates 35% of a slabs self-weight.

Bubble deck that it produces floors 20% faster with less formwork and beams, reduces construction costs by 10% and agrees with the 35% reduction in concrete use..

Materials of Bubbled RC Slabs 1. Steel- The steel is fabricated in two forms-meshed layers for lateral support and diagonal girders for vertical support of the bubbles. 2. Plastic Spheres- The hollow spheres are made from plastic material. 3. Concrete- The concrete is made of standard Portland cement .

Theory In principle, voided biaxial slabs acts like solid slabs. Designing is consequently like for solid slabs, but with less load corresponding to the reduced amount of concrete.. Shear : the main difference between a solid slab and a voided biaxial slab refers to shear resistance. Due to the reduced concrete volume, the shear resistance will also be reduced. The shear capacity is measured to be in the range of 72-91% of the shear capacity of a solid deck.

Bending strength and deflection behaviour: The bending strength is the same for Bubble Deck and for a solid deck and that the stiffness of the Bubble deck is slightly lower.

Types of Bubbled RC Slabs Type A- Reinforcement Modules (Simple Type) Bubbled RC slab Type A is a reinforcement module that consists of a pre-assembled sandwich of steel mesh and plastic bubbles, or “Bubble Lattice”. These components are brought to the site, laid on traditional formwork, connected with any additional reinforcement, and then concreted in place by traditional methods .

Type B-Filigree Elements (Semi-Precast Type) Bubbled RC slab type B is a combination of constructed and unconstructed elements. A 60mm thick concrete layer that acts as both the formwork and part of the finished depth. It is precast and brought on site with the bubbles and steel reinforcement unattached

Type C-Finished Planks (Precast Type) bubbled RC slab Type C is a shop-fabricated module that includes the plastic spheres.

Advantages of Bubbled RC Slabs Reduced Overall Cost Bubble Deck eliminates up to 35% of the structural concrete. When coupled with the reduced floor thickness and facade, smaller foundations and columns, direct material construction costs can be reduced by as much as 10%. Faster Construction With virtually no formwork, no beams and fast coverage using panels typically 350ft2 each, means Bubble Deck floor cycles time is up to 20% faster than traditional construction methods. Regardless of project size, architectural shape or complexity.

Lower Risk Off-site manufacturing, fewer vehicle trips and crane lifts as well as simple installation all combine to minimize operating risks as well as lower health & safety risks. As a result, major projects around the world have chosen the Bubble Deck technology as the low-risk way to build large and complex projects.

LEED Compatible The Bubble Deck system offers a wide range of advantages in building design and during construction. There are a number of green attributes including: reduction in total construction materials, use of recycled materials, lower energy consumption, reduced Co2 emissions, less transportation and crane lifts make Bubble Deck more environmentally friendly than other concrete construction techniques.

Other Benefits Bubble Deck provides greater noise isolation, thermal and vibration resistance.

Economic Savings Savings in materials (slabs, col.,beams). Transportation costs are heavily reduced. Subsequent work (installations) are simplified.

Environmental Improvement Savings in materials - 1 kg of plastic replaces more than 100 kg of Concrete. Less energy consumption - both in production, transport and carrying out. Less emission - exhaust gases from production and transport, especially Co2. No waste generation - 100 % recycling.

Better social environment: Improvement of working conditions. Reduced building time means less disturbance of surroundings.

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