Warm-up: Complete this individually by yourself **Put your HW on the edge of your desk Where do we go during fire drills? What should you do if you break glass during a lab? What should you do in the case of an electrical emergency?

Scientific Method Outline Steps of the Scientific Method Problem/Question Observation/Research a. Quantitative b. Qualitative Hypothesis Experiment 5. Collect and Analyze Data a. Line graphs b. Bar graphs 6. Conclusion

Scientific Method Outline Definitions Independent V. and levels of IV Dependent Variable Control Constants Repeated Trials Theory vs. Law

Scientific Method series of steps that are used to investigate a (Also know as experimental design) series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence

Steps of the Scientific Method 1. Problem/Question: Develop a question or problem that can be solved through experimentation.

Steps of the Scientific Method 2. Observation/Research: Make observations and research your topic of interest.

Two Kinds of Research: Quantitative: can be measured, counted, are numbers Ex: sizes Qualitative: descriptive Ex: behaviors, colors

Quantitative/Qualitative Practice The rose was red. 2. The stem on the flower was 13cm long. 3. The potato weighed 6 grams. 4. Water freezes at zero degrees celcius. 5. The peanut’s shell was rigid.

Steps of the Scientific Method 3. Formulate a Hypothesis: Predict a possible answer to the problem or question, MUST BE TESTABLE. Written in If (IV)… then (DV)… form. Example: If soil temperatures rise, then plant growth will increase.

Steps of the Scientific Method 4. Experiment: Develop and test your hypothesis.

Steps of the Scientific Method 5. Collect and Analyze Results: Modify the procedure if needed. Confirm the results by retesting. Include tables, graphs, and photographs.

Two Types of Graphs: 1. Line Graphs: most useful in displaying data or information that changes continuously over time Used to plot points when 2 sets of numbers

2. Bar Graphs: best suited for comparing data Used when only 1 set of numbers

Steps of the Scientific Method 6. Conclusion: Include a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis. Make recommendations for further study and possible improvements to the procedure.

Think you can name all six steps? Collect and Analyze Results Formulate a Hypothesis Observation/Research Problem/Question Conclusion Experiment

Ex. Several plants: some with fertilizer, some without Independent Variable The independent, or manipulated variable, is a factor that’s purposefully changed by the experimenter. “What am I changing?” Ex. Several plants: some with fertilizer, some without

Levels of IV The different amounts or categories of IV being tested Ex. Amount of fertilizer Levels of IV are none, 1 tablespoon, 2 tablespoons

Dependent Variable Ex. Plant height The dependent, or responding variable, is the resulting change that is measured by the experimenter. Ex. Plant height

Warm-up Which type of graph is best to use for graphing data over time? Which variable do you control? Which variable do you measure? Write the six steps of the scientific method.

Control Group In a scientific experiment, the control is the group that serves as the standard of comparison. The control group is exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except for the variable being tested.

Ex. 5 plants with water, 5 plants with 2 tbsp, 5 with 1tbsp fertilizer Trials Trials refer to replicated groups that are exposed to the same conditions in an experiment. Ex. 5 plants with water, 5 plants with 2 tbsp, 5 with 1tbsp fertilizer

Theory vs. Law Theory: when many experiments show the same conclusion, the hypothesis can become a theory ** theories are NOT proven Law: fact of nature ex: gravity

Coffee and Heart Rate Problem/Question: Does drinking coffee affect heart rate?

Glow stick demo (practice sheet) Question: How will the temperature of the water affect the brightness of the glow stick? Write a hypothesis (If, then statement) What is the independent and dependent variable? Name two constants. What is being used as a control. 5. Record your data from the experiment (is this quantitative or qualitative?) 6. Write a conclusion for this demonstration.