Television

The men Who made television Philo T. Farnsworth Paul Nipkow Vladimir Zworykin David Sarnoff

Paul Nipkow 1880’s came up with the concept of the mechanical Television Consisted of a spinning disc that had small holes that transmitted a portion of the image https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X95Wg5iI-aA

Philo T. Farnsworth Invented an electric television Considered the father of television Created when he was 16 1927 transmitted the first TV picture electronically Image was a dollar sign

Vladimir Zworykin Concurrently invented an electronic television for RCA Lost out to Farnsworth in court over who invented first Invented a camera to transmit television signals

David Sarnoff Head of RCA Pivotal in it’s development Played a large part in developing color television

Network Television Networks (NBC, ABC, CBS, and Fox) broadcast to affiliates Affiliates are locally owned stations that show national programming Earn money from local ads and National ads

Prime Time Defined in this time zone as the slot between 7PM-10PM Highest ratings and therefore most desirable ad space

Syndication Selling TV stations exclusive rights to air TV Shows Game shows, Talk Shows, Reruns Cheaper than producing programming Oprah, Ellen, Wheel of Fortune, Jeopardy, Seinfeld, Family Guy Fringe time – programming immediately before prime-time and following news and late night talk shows First-run Syndication – programming procuced specifically for syndication

Reality TV and News Magazines Cheaper for Networks Produced in House Avoid paying license fees to independent producers No actors High Ratings Examples: Dateline, 60 minutes, Big Brother, Survivor

Sports Era of large television broadcast rights contracts Current state of college sports NFL currently generates over 7 billion per year in television deals

Ratings Nielsen is the major organization that tracks ratings Ratings determine what advertisers pay for spots Rating is a statistical estimate expressed as a percentage of households tuned to a program Share is the percentage of homes tuned into a program compared to those actually in use

Cable Television Started in cities without over the air signals Was not allowed in major markets until 1972 HBO became the first national Pay TV station in 1975 By 1983 there were more than 3 dozen cable stations This new cable system would errode the control of the network television station and fragment audiences

Telecommunications act 1996 Relaxed ownership restrictions creating mergers Disney bought up ESPN, ABC, Lifetime, E! Viacom purchased MTV, Nickelodeon, VH1 Newscorp expanded to Fox, FX, fox news Time warner merged and owns HBO, Cnn, TNT, Cartoon Network Created the era of big media conglomerates

Television today 112 million television households in the US On for an average of 8 hours and 11 minutes each day 89.9% of adults watch TV in a given day 75.7 billion in ad revenue

Video Recording VCR DVD DVR Introduced commercially in 1976 Time-shifting—taping a show for later viewing. DVD DVR

Convergence Hulu and Netflix Itunes and Amazon Cellphones