Cloud Computing: Benefits and Challenges بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله ، والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله Cloud Computing: Benefits and Challenges A University Presentation Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia, December 29, 2010 Hany H. Ammar LANE Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA, Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 OUTLINE What is Cloud Computing ? Examples of Campus clouds Benefits of Cloud Computing, What can we do with Cloud Computing? Challenges of Cloud Computing Making the case for Campus Clouds Conclusions Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Our Research Team on Cloud Computing Faculty: Dr. Matthew Valenti, West Virginia University Dr Abdelkarim Erradi, Qatar University Prof. Fatma Omara, Dr. hesham Hassan, Dr Sherif Khattab, Dr Osama Ismael, Cairo University Dr. Walid AbdelMoez, Arab Academy of Science and Techology, Alexandria, Egypt Students: Mohammed Said Saleh, Markous M. Yassa, Sana AbdulJalil, Amr Mahmoud Cloud Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 3

What is Cloud Computing Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

What is Cloud Computing Resource availability is a key factor to achieve prosperity of any society, Particularly important are computing resources To attain their full potential, computing resources need to be efficiently utilized preferably in an aggregated manner. The demand for computing resources can now be met by utility computing, grid computing, and most recently cloud computing. Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

What is Cloud Computing Utility Computing Utility computing providers rent capacity on computing resources that they maintain Metered computing: analogous to electric power (Pay per use) Resources often virtualized and shared by multiple tenants Example: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (estimated $60 USD/Month for one EC2 Instance for 24hrs/day-7days/week). Pay per use option Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) web service provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud Designed to make web-scale computing easier for developers. Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

What is Cloud Computing Utility versus Cloud computing Cloud computing not only provides raw computing resources, but also hosts the applications that use these resources. Applications usually accessed via a web browser. User data typically stored on provider's file systems. Underlying computing infrastructure concealed from user. Example: gmail servers are concealed from users Cloud Computing middleware systems are available for building clouds and their applications (e.g., Eucalyptus and Hadoop) Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

What is Cloud Computing Cluster and Grid Computing A cluster is a collection of tightly coupled computing servers. Usually co-located. A computing grid is a distributed collection of computing servers. While the servers may be dedicated resources, they could be borrowed from idle desktop computers. A grid middleware system is needed to support the development and assessment of service-oriented grid systems and applications (e.g., CROWN-C) http://www.wrgrid.org.uk/Resources/Leaflets/WRG_COLAB_Sept2007.pdf Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 OUTLINE What is Cloud Computing ? Examples of Campus clouds Benefits of Cloud Computing, What can we do with Cloud Computing? Challenges of Cloud Computing Making the case for Campus Clouds Conclusions Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Example: University of Florida Campus Grid Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Example: University of California Campus Grid Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

What is Cloud Computing Grid and Community Computing Community computing projects assemble a grid of donated CPU resources using volunteers idle cycles Example: The BOINC software by UC Berkley is an Open-source software for volunteer computing and grid computing. BOINC lets you donate your idle computer time to science projects like SETI@home, Climateprediction.net, Rosetta@home, Folding@home, World Community Grid, and many, Folding@home (http://boinc.berkeley.edu/download.php) Uses Screensavers (windows) or low-priority process (linux) Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

What is Cloud Computing Grid and Cloud Computing Resource Sharing: Grid enhances fair sharing of resources across organization. Cloud provide resources according to demand so no actual sharing of resources due to the isolation through virtualization Virtualization: Grid: virtualization covers both data and resources (flat file and database). Cloud adds virtualization for hardware resources too Security: Grid: security is not seriously explored. Cloud: Each user has a unique access to the virtualized environment Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

What is Cloud Computing Grid and Cloud Computing Usability: Clouds are easily usable hiding the deployment details from the user. Grid: hard to manage Payment model: Cloud use pay- per use model. Grid fixed rate per service. Scalability Both Grid and cloud deals with scalability Heterogeneity: Both cloud and grid support aggregation of heterogonous hardware and software. Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 OUTLINE What is Cloud Computing ? Examples of Campus clouds Benefits of Cloud Computing, What can we do with Cloud Computing? Challenges of Cloud Computing Making the case for Campus Clouds Conclusions Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Benefits of Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a model that supports everything as a service (XaaS), e.g, the X changes to an I for, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Physical resource set (PRS): is hardware dependent or vendor dependent Virtual resource set (VRS): is built on top of PRS to run in multivendor cloud Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Infrastructure-as-a-Service Providers Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Benefits of Cloud Computing Platform as a service (PaaS): Java or .NET Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Platform as a service Providers Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Benefits of Cloud Computing Software as a service (SaaS): e.g Gmail, Google Docs, Matlab, Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Software-as-a-Service Providers. Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Benefits of Cloud Computing Human as a service (HaaS): Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is one of the suites of Amazon Web Services, a crowdsourcing marketplace that enables computer programs to coordinate the use of Human Intelligence to perform Tasks (HITs) which computers are unable to do Workers can work on-line and make money by choosing from thousands of posted HITs. US-based CrowdFlower has introduced a cloud labor service that connects organizations searching for temporary workers to refugees in Kenya , The iPhone app helps a business outsource a basic task, such finding a phone number for marketing departments at various companies and entering them into a spread sheet. Workers in Kinya have completed 158,000 tasks, individuals earn as much as $28/week, 8 times what they get from typical jobs in a refugee camp” Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Human-as-a-Service Providers “In India Cloud Computing is projected to grow from a 50 Million industry in 2009 to a $15 Billion Industry in 2013” S. Greengard “Cloud Computing and Developing Nations,” Communications of the ACM, May 2010. Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 Benefits of Cloud Computing The Big Picture of the Cloud Layered Architecture Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 Fig : Cloud Stack

Benefits of Cloud Computing The Provided services in the Cloud are the following: Virtualized physical resources, Virtualized infrastructure, Virtualized middleware platforms Virtualized business applications Cloud computing reduces the need for advanced hardware on the clients side Clients can use inexpensive small Net Books and virtually have the processing power of an expandable Grid computing system No need to buy a set of software or software licenses Data is no longer confined to the user's hard drive, will be able to access data and applications from anywhere at any time. There is no more lost data due to hard drive failures Corporations would save money on IT support, and No need for space to house expensive hardware and software servers. Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 OUTLINE What is Cloud Computing ? Examples of Campus clouds Benefits of Cloud Computing, What can we do with Cloud Computing? Challenges of Cloud Computing Making the case for Campus Clouds Conclusions Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Challenges of Cloud Computing Providing Support for both Service Users and Service Providers Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Challenges of Cloud Computing Service Providers: Development Services, or Build and Test Services, Software Engineering Methodologies and tools How to manage clouds for Application Lifecycle Management The Cloud manager can limit projects to certain clouds, control costs, manage security, or supplement resources during peak use Service Users: easily usable clouds, hiding the deployment details from the user using virtualization, Security and privacy are the biggest concerns Cost accounting data , and usage tracking for Multiple Clouds. “if the utility models were adequate, the challenges to cloud Computing could be solved with electricity-like solutions, but they can not” Brynjolfsson et al, Communications of the ACM, May 2010 Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 Challenges of Cloud Computing: Build and Test Workflow, Challenges at all three levels Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 Challenges of Cloud Computing: Build and Test Tasks Require complex environments Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Challenges of Cloud Computing Model-Driven Design Interdisciplinary Development teams: End-to-End Collaboration & Change Management Konstantinou et al propose an approach and architecture for composition and deployment of virtual software services in cloud environments. VTDC’09, June 15, 2009, Barcelona, Spain., ACM 978-1-60558-580-2/09/06 Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Challenges of Cloud Computing Cloud Management and Control Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support for IaaS Apache Hadoop: A Java software framework that supports data-intensive distributed applications and enables applications to work with thousands of nodes and large amounts of data. http://hadoop.apache.org/ Nimbus is an open-source toolkit that, once installed on a cluster, provides an infrastructure as a Service cloud to its client via WSRF-based or Amazon EC2 WSDL web service APIs, http://www.nimbusproject.org/ Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support AbiCloud Supports SaaS http://abicloud.org/display/abiCloud/Home Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support enStratus Supports SaaS, ReliaCloud Supports IaaS enStratus is a SaaS-based system for managing cloud infrastructures across multiple providers http://www.enstratus.com/ enStratus focuses on the deployment and ongoing management of transactional database applications in clouds like Amazon Web Services and ReliaCloud. The main features of enStratus include cloud security and availability management. ReliaCloud provides virtual Servers deployed within a virtualization environment that is architected to maximize uptime and performance. http://www.reliacloud.com/ Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support for PaaS and IaaS Sun Cloud is an on-demand Cloud computing service operated by Sun Microsystems. The Sun Cloud Compute Utility provides access to a substantial computing resource over the Internet for US$1 per CPU-hour. The Rackspace Cloud is a web application hosting/cloud platform provider ("Cloud Sites") that bills on a utility computing basis. It has branched out into cloud storage ("Cloud Files") and cloud infrastructure ("Cloud Servers"), http://www.rackspacecloud.com/ Kaavo provides solutions for deploying and managing on-demand applications and workloads in the cloud. http://www.kaavo.com/home Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 OUTLINE What is Cloud Computing ? Examples of Campus Clouds Benefits of Cloud Computing, What can we do with Cloud Computing? Challenges of Cloud Computing Making the case for Campus Clouds Conclusions Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Making the case for Campus Clouds College Campuses maintain significant Infrastructure of computing resources in computing Labs This infrastructure is under utilized (many students use laptops and Net Books) Service Providers and Users are in need for inexpensive computing resources Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Making the case for Campus Clouds Developing IaaS Campus cloud project aggregating the computing resources of multiple college campuses would provide the following benefits: Providing extra Revenue to colleges from service providers and businesses Providing students with an environment for learning the concepts of cloud computing Providing college systems maintenance team (professionals and students) with the experience of dealing with Cloud service providers and Cloud users Provides stronger ties between academia and industry Motivates the Industry to invest in academic computing resources Academic research will benefit from Campus clouds Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 Conclusions Cloud computing has emerged to provide inexpensive on-demand pay per use computing resources Cloud computing is closely related to grid computing and utility computing. Software Engineering Methodologies and tools are needed for cloud developers (Cloud-based Service-Oriented Engineering) Security and privacy are the biggest concerns of cloud computing users and developers Campus Clouds can bring revenue for computing resources, enhance student learning, strengthen ties with Industry, and enhance academic research. Management and Science University, December 29, 2010

Management and Science University, December 29, 2010 وجزاكمُ اللهُ خيراً Management and Science University, December 29, 2010