Diversity of Life - Animals- (General Features)

What makes an animal an animal? All animals are multicellular Heterotrophic All animals must ingest food to obtain at least some of their organic molecules.

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 1. Symmetry 3 basic types (with one variation) a. Asymmetry - no body symmetry e.g. Sponges

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 1. Symmetry - 3 basic types (with one variation) b. Radial - an infinite number of planes of symmetry through the body e.g. Sea anemone

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 1. Symmetry - 3 basic types (with one variation) b. Radial - Pentaradial - five planes of symmetry through the body 2 1 e.g. Sea star 5 3 4

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 1. Symmetry - 3 basic types (with one variation) c. Bilateral - one plane of symmetry through the body

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 2. Tissues Tissues - collections of specialized cells isolated from other cells by membranous layers

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 2. Tissues During embryonic development - layers of tissue develop around the body

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 2. Tissues During embryonic development - layers of tissue develop around the body There can be two or three Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm Diploblastic Triploblastic

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 3. Body Cavities Animals can have a fluid-filled space that separates the digestive tract from the body wall Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm Coelom Digestive cavity Triploblastic

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 3. Body Cavities - There are three different kinds Coelomate - the coelom is lined on both sides with mesoderm

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 3. Body Cavities - There are three different kinds Coelomate - the coelom is lined on both sides with mesoderm Pseudocoelomate - the coelom (= pseudocoelem) is lined on one side with mesoderm

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 3. Body Cavities - There are three different kinds Coelomate - the coelom is lined on both sides with mesoderm Pseudocoelomate - the coelom (= pseudocoelom) is lined on one side with mesoderm Acoelomate - there is no body cavity between the digestive tract and body wall

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 3. Body Cavities - There are three different kinds acoelomate coelomate pseudocoelomate Mesoderm on only one side of coelom Mesoderm on both sides of coelom

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 3. Body Cavities - There are three different kinds Coelom

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 4. Type of development Fertilization

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 4. Type of development Fertilization Cell begins cleavage Two cell stage

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 4. Type of development Fertilization Cell begins cleavage Two cell stage Four cell stage

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 4. Type of development Fertilization Cell begins cleavage Hollow ball of cells Two cell stage Four cell stage Blastula

Major Features of Animals Symmetry Tissues Body Cavities Type of Development 4. Type of development Ball of cells invaginates blastopore Fertilization Cell begins cleavage Hollow ball of cells Gastrula Two cell stage Four cell stage Blastula

Major Features of Animals 4. Type of development Cleavage a. Cleavage A fertilized egg will divide Vertically or on an angle Radial Spiral

Major Features of Animals 4. Type of development Cleavage Spiral Radial a. Cleavage Cleavage can be: Determinate - the ultimate fate of every cell is known at the 4-cell stage b. Indeterminate - the ultimate fate of every cell is not known at the 4-cell stage

Major Features of Animals 4. Type of development Cleavage Spiral Radial Determinate Indeterminate Coelom formation b. Coelom formation Remember the gastrula? Coelom can begin formation or Schizocoely Enterocoely

Major Features of Animals 4. Type of development Cleavage Spiral Radial Determinate Indeterminate Coelom formation Schizocoely Enterocoely c. Fate of the blastopore blastopore Blastopore can become the mouth or the anus

Major Features of Animals Protostomes Deuterostomes Cleavage Spiral Radial Determinate Indeterminate Coelom formation Schizocoely Enterocoely Fate of blastopore Mouth Anus

Major Features of Animals Protostomes Molluscs Annelids Arthropods

Major Features of Animals Protostomes Molluscs Annelids Arthropods Deuterostomes Echinoderms Chordates

Summary 1. Symmetry -asymmetrical -radial (+ pentaradial) -bilateral 2. Tissues -diploblastic -triploblastic 3. Body Cavities -acoelomate -pseudocoelomate -coelomate 4. Type of Development a. Cleavage - spiral or radial - determinate or indeterminate b. Coelom formation - schizocoely or enterocoely c. Fate of blastopore - mouth or anus

Summary Protostomes Deuterostomes 1. Symmetry -asymmetrical -radial (+pentaradial) -bilateral 2. Tissues -diploblastic -triploblastic 3. Body Cavities -acoelomate -pseudocoelomate -coelomate 4. Type of Development a. Cleavage - spiral or radial - determinate or indeterminate b. Coelom formation - schizocoely or enterocoely c. Fate of blastopore - mouth or anus Protostomes Deuterostomes