Introduction to SkyPilot Networks November 2005

SkyPilot Network Architecture Internet SkyConnector SkyConnectors SkyConnector SkyConnector SkyGateway SkyGateway SkyConnector SkyExtender SkyExtender DualBand SkyExtender DualBand SkyConnector SkyExtender SkyConnectors SkyExtender DualBand Public Safety Mobile VoIP 2.4 GHz Wireless Connection 5 GHz Wireless Connection Hardwire Connection (Ethernet) Mobile User SkyExtender DualBand Carrier-Class Broadband Wireless

SkyPilot System Components SkyGateway™ SkyExtender™ DualBand (new) SkyExtender SkyConnector™ Product class Base station Mesh backhaul + AP Mesh backhaul + CPE CPE Functionality Internet-to-wireless mesh gateway; long range; redundancy; scalability Extends mesh with long range 5 GHz links; separate subscriber radio (2.4 GHz) Extends mesh with long range 5 GHz links; integrates CPE connectivity Low-cost CPE connects to 5 GHz mesh network Subscriber access Wi-Fi Ethernet US list price $3,499 $1,799 $1,199 $399 Carrier-Class Broadband Wireless

Technology Differentiation SkyPilot’s Synchronous Mesh Protocol Superior RF Management Synchronous Bandwidth Scheduling Deterministic QoS Performance Self-Interference Mitigation Efficient Spectral Reuse Efficient Spatial Segmentation Sophisticated Mesh Networking Automatic Node Discovery Automatic Topology Configuration Optimized Best-Path Routing Dynamic Rerouting Scalable Capacity and Load Balancing Failover Routing SkyPilot’s Advanced Antenna Array High-Gain, High-Power, Sectorized Antennas Long Range Coverage, High Modulation Multi-Antenna Array 360° Coverage Benefits of Point-to-Multipoint Benefits of Mesh Networking Carrier-Class Broadband Wireless

Advanced Antenna Array Patent-Pending Antenna Array 8 sectorized antennas, each a 45° beam (360° total coverage) “Big ears” – 18 dBi / antenna Benefits from Sectorization Special exemption from FCC point-to-multipoint regulations “Loud mouth” – focused directional bursts up to 44.5 dBm / 28.2 W EIRP (instead of 36 dBm / 4 W EIRP FCC pt-mpt limitation) Provides high-gain, improved penetration, and greater reach (up to 10 miles / 16 km between nodes) NLOS via OFDM’s intrinsic multipath capabilities Rapid retransmission scheme Dynamic bandwidth management Continuous optimization of modulation rate = Robust communications links and expands system capacity Carrier-Class Broadband Wireless

Synchronous Mesh Protocol Synchronous Bandwidth Allocation Protocol GPS chips provide common clock for synchronization Deterministic WiMAX-like Time-Division Duplex protocol Transmissions Coordinated across Entire Network Interference Mitigation Spectral Reuse – increases capacity Traffic Prioritization – enables low-latency applications like VoIP Optimized Mesh Routing Protocol Auto-Discovery, Self-Provisioning, Self-Configuring, Self-Optimizing Best-Path Routing Algorithm – maximizes network capacity Fault Tolerance with Self-Healing Failover Load Balancing and Traffic Segmentation Rapid retransmission scheme Dynamic bandwidth management Continuous optimization of modulation rate = Robust communications links and expands system capacity Carrier-Class Broadband Wireless

Mesh Network Configuration Active link Standby link SkyGateway SkyExtender 18 SkyConnector 18 36 18 24 36 Long range and high modulation due to sectorized links Automatic node discovery Optimized routes based on modulation and hops to gateway Alternate routes available in case of changes in link capacity or failures 36 9 18 36 36 9 Internet 36 Carrier-Class Broadband Wireless

Transmission Coordination Active link Standby link Transmission time slot 1 Transmission time slot 2 SkyGateway 10 Transmission time slot 3 SkyExtender 3 Transmission time slot 4 11 SkyConnector F H 9 10 11 B 9 10 11 B 12 4 A 3 4 A 3 9 1 2 4 E 13 12 13 B 14 12 13 When omnidirectional nodes talk, all other nodes in range must stop transmitting and listen B 14 8 Sectorized antennas allow simultaneous communications SkyPilot’s synchronized protocol coordinates efficient transmissions Coordinated transmissions mitigates self-interference Omnidirectional mesh systems can’t do this A G1 H 1 2 G1 H 1 2 B 14 D G1 E F 8 G1 D E 5 15 7 16 D B 15 16 17 B 18 15 16 Internet 17 G1 6 A B C 5 A B C 5 C 7 6 G1 7 6 G1 18 Carrier-Class Broadband Wireless

Optimized, Dynamic Rerouting Active link Standby link SkyGateway SkyExtender 18 SkyConnector F H 18 36 18 24 36 E Links monitored constantly to optimize capacity and throughput Changes in link capacity or status handled by re- optimizing routes 36 A 9 B 18 Modulation drops from 36 to 9Mbps, causing rerouting 9 36 9 D Internet 36 G1 C Carrier-Class Broadband Wireless

Adding Capacity & Redundancy J Active link 24 Standby link I SkyGateway 18 G2 SkyExtender 12 36 18 18 SkyConnector F H 18 24 36 K 18 24 36 E Adding gateways immediately adds network capacity and redundancy Each gateway provides up to 20 Mbps Multiple gateways can be used to scale the network 36 A 9 B 18 36 36 9 D Internet 36 G1 C Carrier-Class Broadband Wireless

Failover Capabilities J Active link 24 Standby link I SkyGateway 18 G2 SkyExtender 12 36 18 18 SkyConnector F H 18 24 36 K 18 24 36 E In case of gateway failure, the network dynamically reroutes Self-healing maximizes network uptime 36 A 9 B 18 9 D Internet G1 C Carrier-Class Broadband Wireless

Carrier-Class Broadband Wireless Thank You Carrier-Class Broadband Wireless