Adenoiditis
Definition Inflammation of the adenoid tissue, usually caused by an infection Adenoids are masses of lymph tissue that help the body to fight infection Adenoids are found in pharynx just behind the nose Tonsils and adenoids are the first line of defense in throat Classified into acute and chronic
Causes Virus Adenovirus Rhinovirus Paramyxovirus Bacteria Streptococcus pyogens Streptococcus pneumonia Morexella catarrhalis
Risk factors Recurring infections in the throat, neck or head Infections of the tonsils Contact with airborne viruses and bacteria Unhygienic practices
Signs and symptoms Fever Runny nose Nasal airway obstruction leads to oral breathing Dry mouth Snoring Sleep apnea Rhinorrhea (serous secretion in viral form, mucus purulent secretion in bacterial forms) Symptoms of bacterial adenoiditis will persist upto a week, but viral adenoiditis symptoms will recede spontaneously after 48 hours.
Swollen adenoid can block or restrict airways Adenoiditis sometimes accompanied by tonsillitis Repeated adenoiditis may lead to enlarged adenoids In children's continuous mouth breathing leads to prominent teeth and thin upper lips. Generally children's will have a long face if there is chronic adenoiditis
Diagnosis History collection Physical examination Throat swabs Blood test X rays Posterior rhinoscopy Nasopharyngoscopy CT scan
Management Medical management Viral adenoiditis – treatment with analgesics or antipyretics is often sufficient Bacterial adenoiditis – antibiotics Amoxicillin, cephalosporin
Surgical management Adenoidectomy - surgical removal of the adenoids Indications Four or more episodes of recurrent adenoiditis Persisting symptoms even after 2 courses of antibiotic therapy Sleep disturbance with nasal airway obstruction Nasal speech
Jenning’s mouth gag St. Claire Thomson Adenoid Curette
Hyperextention of head with back supprot
Complications of adenoiditis Ear infections – it can block Eustachian tube and cause GLUE EAR. Sinusitis – it can block sinus cavity Pneumonia and bronchitis