Ion Run 2015: measurements in cells 11 for P1 and P5 P–Ion Run 2016: analysis of cell 8 for P1, P5, P2 and P8 Corinna Martinella EN-EA R2E-MCWG 04/07/2017

Overview Cell 11 Ion Run 2015 Cell 8 Proton – Ion Run 2016 Bound-free pair production P1 and P5: comparison between measurements and simulations Cell 8 Proton – Ion Run 2016 P1 and P5 P2 and P8 Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 1

Ion Run: Bound-free pair production BFPP introduction: "Brief overview of 2015 ion operation and BFPP quench test“, M. Schaumann, BFPP Quench Test Analysis Meeting (2016) The majority of pair-creation events do not change the state of the ions, there is a small fraction in which a quasi-real photon converts into an electron-position pair and the electron is trapped in one of the atomic shells of one ion and results in a change of the magnetic rigidity. The Pb81+ ions form well-defined secondary beams emerging from each side of the IP. Since 2015, orbit bumps have been implemented to both sides of IP1/5 during Pb-Pb operation. They move the BFPP losses into the connection cryostat (in IP1/5) in order to reduce the risk of quenching. Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 2

Ion-Ion 2015: BLM cells 11 (P1, P5) Run Lum IP1 Lum IP5 2015 p-p 4.32 fb−1 4.11 fb−1 2015 ions 0.7 nb−1 0.6 nb−1 HL-HLC p-p 3000 fb−1 HL-LHC ions 10 nb−1 Ion-Ion 2015: BLM cells 11 (P1, P5) ~ 14 times 440 430 420 410 400 Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 3

Ion-Ion 2015: RadMon cells 11 (P1, P5) Cell 11 (P1, P5): SEU counts 2015 Cell 11 (P1, P5): TID 2015 Higher increase of SEU counts and TID during the Ion-Ion run compared with the P-P run due to the BFPP effect. Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 4

Ion-Ion 2015: RadMon P5 RadMon 5LM17S (11L5): (Distance: 433.5 m) Fluence: 2.45E+10 HEH/cm^2 Conversion in dose: 24.48 Gy RadFET (2): 21.97 Gy RadMon 5RM15S (11R5): (Distance: 425.5 m) Fluence: 2.68 E+11 HEH/cm^2 Conversion in dose: 267.56 Gy RadFET (2): 58.74 Gy 5LM17S (11L5) 5RM15S (11R5) Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 5

Ion-Ion 2015: RadMon P1 RadMon 1LM17S (11L1): (Distance: 432.88 m) Fluence: 5.17E+10 HEH/cm^2 Conversion in dose: 51.75 Gy RadFET (2): 49.15 Gy RadMon 1RM18S (11R1): (Distance: 432 m) Fluence: 8.80E+10 HEH/cm^2 Conversion in dose: 88 Gy RadFET (2): 14.09 Gy 1LM17S (11L1) 1RM18S (11R1) Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 6

Ion-Ion 2015: installation of RadFET The RadFETs were installed directly under the cryostat. Courtesy of Salvatore Danzeca Courtesy of Anton Lechner RadMon 5RM15S (11R5): (Distance: 425.5 m) Fluence: 2.68 E+11 HEH/cm^2 RadFET (2): 58.74 Gy RadMon 1LM17S (11L1): (Distance: 432.88 m) Fluence: 5.17E+10 HEH/cm^2 RadFET (2): 49.15 Gy Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 7

Ion-Ion 2015: comparison measurements and simulations (11L1) Shift between FLUKA simulations and RadFET measurements of 1.997 m (the uncertainty over the RadFET positions need to be considered). Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 8

Ion-Ion 2015: comparison measurements and simulations (11R5) The uncertainty over the RadFET positions need to be considered. Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 9

Overview Cell 11 Ion Run 2015 Bound-free pair production P1 and P5: comparison between measurements and simulations Cell 8 Proton–Ion Run 2016 P1 and P5: comparison ion-ion and p-ion P2 and P8 Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 10

Proton-Ion 2016 High luminosity run for all experiments at 6.5 Z TeV, with beam reversal p-Pb and Pb-p. R2E: two suspicious events during ion-p run in the crate controllers of nQPS in B8L8 & B9R1. “QPS performance 2016” Jens Steckert on behalf of TE-MPE-EP & EE. https://indico.cern.ch/event/578001/contributions/2367024/attachments/1388222/2113582/QPS_performance_2016_v5.pdf “HL-LHC beam parameters and performance with heavy ions An update” John Jowett. https://indico.cern.ch/event/580313/contributions/2359507/attachments/1401326/2138794/Chamonix2017_Jowett.pdf Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 11

Comparison Ion-Ion 2015 and Proton-Ion 2016: RadMon cells 8 (P1, P5) P-Ion Ions B1 Losses right side Ions B2 Losses left side Cell 8 (P1, P5): SEU counts 2015 Cell 8 (P1, P5): SEU counts 2016 In cells 8 an increasing in the number of SEU counts was detected for 2016 Proton–Ion operation. When the injection scheme change and the ions switch from one beam to the other, losses change from left to right. Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 12

Proton-Ion 2016: RadMon cells 8 (P1, P5) P-Ion P-P P-Ion Ions B1 Losses right side Ions B1 Losses right side Ions B2 Losses left side Ions B2 Losses left side Cell 8 (P1, P5): SEU counts 2016 Cell 8 (P1, P5): TID 2016 Same behaviour is confirmed with the RadFET measurements of TID (cells 8 P1 and P5). Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 13

Comparison different operations in 2015 and 2016: BLM cells 8 (P1, P5) … And with BLM measurements of Dose (cells 8 P1 and P5). Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 14

Proton-Ion 2016: RadMon cells 8 (P2) No RadMon in cell 8 for Point 8 P-P P-Ion P-P P-Ion RadMon 2RM04S (8R2) Cell 8 (P2): TID 2016 Cell 8 (P2): SEU counts 2016 Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 15 SIMA.8L2.2LM05 and SIMA.8L2.2LM06 in the UJ22 on Timber. Not considered here.

Comparison different operations in 2015 and 2016: BLM cells 8 (P2, P8) Point 2: Peak during the P-Ion run and the Ion-Ion run ~300 m of distance from IP2. Peaks ~298 m and ~ 306 m during the P-P run. Point 8: Higher levels of dose during the P-P run. Peaks ~300 m. Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 16

Conclusions Cell 11 of P1 and P5: Localized losses are produced because of the BFPP during the ion run. For HL-LHC a scaling of ~ x10-14 has to be applied for the ion run (10 nb−1 expected for HL-LHC vs 0.7 nb−1 accumulated in 2015). The contribution of the p-p run has to be included as well and a scaling of ~x100 is applied in this case (3000 fb−1 expected for HL-LHC vs ~39 fb−1 accumulated in 2016). Cell 8 P1 and P5: An increasing in the losses was detected during the p-ion run 2016. Possible direct impact on the QPS failures in B8L8 and B9R1. Uncommon operation. The next p-ion run is planned for 2028. Cell 8 P2 and P8: P2: peak during the p-ion run at ~300 m of distance from IP2. In the left side other peaks are detected for the p-p run. IP8: same peaks are measured at ~300 m of distance from IP8, but in both sides the p-p run is dominant. Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 17

Thanks for your attention Corinna Martinella EN-EA MCWG 04/07/2017 18