Petroleum and Gas Processing(TKK-2136) 16/17 Semester Petroleum and Gas Processing(TKK-2136) Instructor: Rama Oktavian Email: Oktavian.rama2@gmail.com Office Hr.: M.10-15, Tu. 08-12, W. 13-15, Th. 13-15, F. 09-11

Outlines 1. Crude oil: Introduction and sources 2. Crude oil: Properties 3. The overview of refinery process 4. Crude oil products uses

Crude oil: Introduction Crude oil is a mixture of different sized hydrocarbons. The exact composition depends upon where the oil comes from but typically it contains a lot of big molecules

Crude oil: Introduction Crude oil composition Crude oil is a mixture of different sized hydrocarbons. The exact composition depends upon where the oil comes from but typically it contains a lot of big molecules Crude oil is composed of the following groups: Hydrocarbon compounds Non-hydrocarbon compounds Organometallic compound and inorganic salt (metallic compound) The most common metal impurities found in crude oils are nickel, vanadium, and sodium

Crude oil: Introduction Crude oil composition

Crude oil: Introduction Crude oil composition

Crude oil: Introduction Crude oil composition Paraffins

Crude oil: Introduction Crude oil composition Aromatics and napthenes

Crude oil: Introduction Crude oil composition Olefins

Crude oil: Introduction Type of crude oil

The overview of refinery process Oil refinery process history in Indonesia 1950 - The Indonesia government authority began to inventory the sources of state revenue, including oil and gas 1960 - PT PERMINA was restructured into a state-owned company known as PN PERMINA 1970 - the Indonesian government issued Law No. 8/ 1971, which positioned Pertamina as the only state owned enterprise tasked with managing the oil and gas business

The overview of refinery process Oil refinery process history in Indonesia

The overview of refinery process PT. Pertamina refinery Pertamina also has 2 (two) operating companies i.e. PT Arun LNG operating LNG plant in Arun (12.5Mton per year) and PT Badak LNG operating LNG plant in Bontang (22.5 Mton per year).

The overview of refinery process Oil reserves in Indonesia

The overview of refinery process Oil reserves in Indonesia

The overview of refinery process Oil reserves in Indonesia

The overview of refinery process Business process

Crude oil: Introduction Crude oil properties

Crude oil: Introduction Crude assay a compilation of laboratory and pilot plant data that define the properties of the specific crude oil At minimum, it should contain distillation curve and specific gravity curve

Crude oil: Properties The true boiling point curve The true boiling point (TBP) D.S. Jones, P.R. Pujady, Handbook of Petroleum Processing, pp. 21 The true boiling point curve a plot of the boiling points of almost pure components, contained in the crude oil or fractions of the crude oil

Crude oil: Properties an expression of the density of an oil API Gravity an expression of the density of an oil refers to density at 60◦F (15.6◦C) relationship with specific gravity

Crude oil: Properties API Gravity

Crude oil: Properties Flash point the temperature at which the vapor above the oil will momentarily flash or explode. Testing using ASTM Standards Part 7, Petroleum products and Lubricants ASTM D1711, D09 and D1695 Octane number a measure of a gasoline’s resistance to knock or detonation in a cylinder of a gasoline engine that percentage of isooctane in a blend of isooctane and normal heptane that exactly matches the knock behavior of the gasoline

Crude oil: Properties Cloud point The temperature at which the oil becomes hazy or cloudy Pour point The temperature at which the oil ceases to flow altogether determined by ASTM D97 Cut point The temperature on the whole crude TBP curve that represents the limits (upper and lower) of a fraction to be produced End point The actual terminal temperatures of a fraction produced commercially

Crude oil: Properties

Crude oil: Properties

Crude oil: Properties Conversion between TBP and ASTM distillation

Crude oil: Properties Conversion between TBP and ASTM distillation

Crude oil: Properties Conversion between TBP and ASTM distillation

Crude oil: Properties Conversion between TBP and ASTM distillation

Crude oil: Properties Conversion between TBP and ASTM distillation Convert this using TBP and Daubert method

Crude oil: Properties Breakup of TBP Curve into Pseudo-components

Crude oil: Properties Breakup of TBP Curve into Pseudo-components The end point of the cut is 218.2 C (425 F) and the IBP is 5.4 C (22 F). Therefore each pseudo-component has a temperature interval of (218.2 þ 5.4)/20 or 11.2 C. Then the curve can be cut as follows. The EBP of the first cut is IBP þ 11.2 C or 5.8 C. The average boiling point for the first pseudo-component is (5.4 þ 5.8)/2 or 0.2 C. The vol% is 2.84 as read from the TBP curve. The second cut has an end boiling point of 17 C and an end volume percent of 6.19. Therefore, the vol% of this cut is 6.19 2.84 or 3.36 vol%. The average boiling point for the second cut is (17 þ 5.8)/2 or 11.4 C.

Crude oil: Properties Breakup of TBP Curve into Pseudo-components

Crude oil: Properties Breakup of TBP Curve into Pseudo-components Cut into 20 Pseudo-components

The overview of refinery process Block diagram

The overview of refinery process Crude distillation unit (CDU) Atmospheric crude distillation unit Vacuum distillation unit Atmospheric Crude distillation unit (CDU) Process objectives: To distill and separate valuable distillates (naphtha, kerosene, diesel) and atmospheric gas oil (AGO) from the crude feedstock. Process steps: 1. Preheat the crude feed utilizing recovered heat from the product Streams 2. Desalt and dehydrate the crude using electrostatic enhanced liquid/liquid separation (Desalter) 3. Heat the crude to the desired temperature using fired heaters 4. Flash the crude in the atmospheric distillation column 5. Utilize pump around cooling loops to create internal liquid reflux 6. Product draws are on the top, sides, and bottom

The overview of refinery process Atmospheric Crude distillation unit (CDU) Typical product:

The overview of refinery process Atmospheric Crude distillation unit (CDU)

The overview of refinery process Vacuum Crude distillation unit (CDU) Process objectives: To recover valuable gas oils from reduced crude via vacuum distillation Process steps: 1. Heat the reduced crude to the desired temperature using fired Heaters 2. Flash the reduced crude in the vacuum distillation column 3. Utilize pumparound cooling loops to create internal liquid reflux 4. Product draws are on the top, sides, and bottom

The overview of refinery process Vacuum Crude distillation unit (CDU) Typical product:

The overview of refinery process Vacuum Crude distillation unit (CDU)

Oil refinery products list

Oil refinery products list Petroleum gas - used for heating, cooking, making plastics Naphtha or Ligroin - intermediate that will be further processed to make gasoline Gasoline - motor fuel Kerosene - fuel for jet engines and tractors; starting material for making other products Gas oil or Diesel distillate - used for diesel fuel and heating oil; starting material for making other products Lubricating oil - used for motor oil, grease, other lubricants Heavy gas or Fuel oil - used for industrial fuel; starting material for making other products Residuals - coke, asphalt, tar, waxes; starting material for making other products

Oil refinery products list Cylinder of LPG Sample of gasoline Sample of kerosene Sample of diesel fuel