Contemporary pedagogical and psychological challenges in higher education Lecture 5

The Guardian

“Education is a forward looking enterprise “Education is a forward looking enterprise. It is concerned with ongoing gain and future benefit. …education seeks to provide advantage to learners long after the educative activity has ceased”.

From “education for life” Need for a Shift From “education for life” Towards ongoing learning throughout and across the life

International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning

Main Influences on Learning: globalisation and its effects on the needs of learners in contemporary societies the emergent theory base of lifelong learning the global educational imperatives or commands of inclusivity literacies as identified by the UNESCO

Literacy “Ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts”. “Literacy is a fundamental human right and the foundation for lifelong learning."

Inclusion all people should freely, openly and without pity accommodate any person with a disability without restrictions or limitations of any kind those who have physical, sensory and/or intellectual worsening are totally "normal" people who just happen to have these "extra differences"

Inclusion in Education Objectives to assist countries in strengthening the focus on inclusion in their strategies and plans for education to introduce the broadened concept of inclusive education to highlight the areas to promote inclusive education and strengthen policy development.

Creating Inclusive Education Steps Mobilizing opinion on the right to education for everybody Building consensus around the concepts of inclusive and quality education Reforming legislation to support inclusive education Supporting local capacity-building to promote development towards inclusive education

Developing ways to measure the impact of inclusive and quality education Developing school- and community-based mechanisms to identify children not in school and find ways to help them enter school and remain there Helping teachers to understand their role in education and that inclusion of diversity in the classroom is an opportunity, not a problem

Disability studies the medical model views disability as equivalent to a functional worsening the minority model sees a lack of equal rights as a primary obstacle to equality between able and disabled populations the structural model looks to environmental factors as the cause of disability

Social cultural Stratification Deputy Director of ACER, Dr John Ainley (http://www.acer.edu.au/enews/2003/02/report-shows-impact-of-growing-social-stratification-among-australian-school).

Criticism of European Public Universities lack of competition unable to affect their revenues because they cannot decide on their tuition and fees professors’ salaries are decided uniformly by the government public universities cannot select their students (as private universities do) http://dea.uib.es/digitalAssets/199/199335_w45.pdf

Arguments against Larger Tuition Fees segregation of students by their income might occur family income might play too large role in the distribution of students among universities, so stratification of universities by their quality might occur

Gender Stratification “Women, leadership and higher ed”. by Debora Spar (http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-leadership/why-our-brightest-female-graduates-are-still-at-a-disadvantage/2013/02/21/68cb192a-7c5a-11e2-82e8-61a46c2cde3d_story_1.html)

THANK YOU

Questions for Self-Assessment What is another approach to education? What does the notion “futures-oriented education” mean? What influences the contemporary learning? What is literacy? How does UNESCO define literacy? What can illiteracy result in? What does the term “inclusion” mean?

What are the objectives of the “Policy Guidelines on Inclusion in Education”? What steps does the process of creating inclusive education include? How is the education changed if looking at it from the point of view of inclusion? What do you know about the academic study of disability? What are the guidelines of 'Disability Studies'?