The universe What is the universe? How big is the observable universe? What is a galaxy? What is a star ? What is a planet? How can we date the beginning of the universe?

Universe Exploration Our Place in Space- Sizing Up the Universe EL 7 & 8 Identify and define features of the universe, including galaxies, solar systems, stars, planets, moons and etc. 9 Identify and describe features of the universe. 10 Identify and describe features of the universe and how they interact Activity S:\Science\Year 10\Science for living\2. Our Place in Space\Gilmore\ Lesson 1 Sizing up the Universe\Our Place in Space-Sizing Up The Universe.doc

What is the universe? (source : NASA) universe means everything—all we see and cannot see. observable universe—what technology has enabled us to see

Difference between planets and satieties Planets, dwarf planets and plutoids orbit the Sun, satellites orbit the planets.

What is a Dwarf Planet? (source : NASA) Dwarf planets are round and orbit the Sun just like other planets dwarf planets are not able to clear their orbital path so there are no similar objects at roughly the same distance from the Sun. A dwarf planet is much smaller than a planet Pluto is the best known of the dwarf planets

What is a star? A star is a great ball of fire. The sun is a star, a hot ball of glowing gases at the heart of a solar system. There are billions of stars like our sun scattered across the Milky Way galaxy

What is a planet? According to the definition, a planet must be an orbiting body large enough to become round by the force of its own gravity, and large enough to dominate the neighborhood of its orbit. While certainly round, tiny Pluto is hardly dominant. If it were set down on the surface of Earth, it would barely cover India. (source: NASA)

What is the difference between a Planet and a Dwarf Planet? Planet Characteristics (Source : NASA) What makes a planet, according to the International Astronomical Union: Planet Dwarf Planet Is in orbit around the sun X Has sufficient mass to assume a nearly round shape Is not a satellite (moon) Has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit   Has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit

What is an asteroid? Asteroids are rocky, airless worlds that orbit a sun, but are too small to be called planets. (source : NASA)

What are Meteors & Meteorites? (source: NASA) Little chunks of rock and debris in space are called meteoroids. They become meteors -- or shooting stars -- when they fall through a planet's atmosphere; leaving a bright trail as they are heated to incandescence by the friction of the atmosphere. Pieces that survive the journey and hit the ground are called meteorites.

What is a moon? A moon is a natural satellite of a planet.. The Moon’s gravity slows our rotation and creates our ocean tides. Mars has two small moons

Lesson 2 Overview How big? How far? How old? EL Level 9 Identify and describe features of the universe. Step 1 : Size (according to diameter) Moon, Earth, Saturn, Sun, Pleiades, Milky Way, Hubble Deep Field Step 2: Distance (from Earth) Moon, Sun, Saturn, Pluto, Pleiades, Whirlpool Galaxy, Hubble Deep Field Step 3 : Age Great Pyramid of Giza, Pleiades, Stegosaurus, Moon, Earth, Sun, Hubble Deep Field http://hubblesite.org/hubble_discoveries/hubble_deep_field/

Our solar system based on their relative sizes

inner planets Rocky planets closest to the Sun; located inside the asteroid belt.

Outer planets Planets located beyond the asteroid belt; these are known as the gas giants

Lesson 3 &4 Gravity Exploration EL 7&8 Describe gravity effects people and things on earth, the moon and other planets. 9 & 10 Explain the relationship between gravity and the mass of an object and the link between gravity and orbits Activity S:\Science\Year 10\Science for living\2. Our Place in Space\Gilmore\Lesson 3 Gravity

Experiments to explain gravity Experiment 1 Gravity and Air Resistance Experiment 2 Gravity and MassWeighthttp://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-physics/gravitational-force-and-free-fall Experiment 3 Center of Gravity of an object https://suite.io/carol-wells-2/43rj2xr

What is gravity? Questions: All objects on Earth are pulled toward the planet's centre by the force of gravity Science Experiment: Gravity and Air Resistance If you drop a shoe and a flat piece of notebook or copy paper from the same height, which would hit the ground first and why? Experiment: 1.Hold the shoe in one hand and the paper in the other. 2.Hold both objects high in front of you at equal heights. 3.Release both objects at the same time. Questions: •Who thinks the shoe will hit the floor first? •Who thinks the paper will hit the floor first? •Who thinks both objects will hit the floor at the same time? Observation: The shoe hits the floor first. Explanation: Because of the paper's shape, its fall is slowed by air pushing up against its under-surface – this slowing effect is called air resistance.

What is gravity? Weight and Mass What's the difference between weight and mass? Mass is a measurement of how much matter is in an object; weight is a measurement of how hard gravity is pulling on that object. We measure weight in N 2.5 Kg We measure mass in Kg

Triple Beam Balance to measure Mass EL I will learn how to use a Triple Beam Balance and Newton Scale to understand difference between Mass and Weight (gravitational Pull towards the earth) of an object Triple Beam Balance to measure Mass

How to Use a Triple Beam Balance Scale Step 1 Calibrate the scale by sliding all three weight poises (the metal brackets that slide along the three beams) to their leftmost positions. Twist the zeroing screw (usually located below the pan in which you place the object to be weighed) until the balance pointer lines up with the fixed zero mark. Step 2 Place the object to be weighed on the center of the pan. Step 3 Initially, slide the relevant weight poise ( e.g. 100-gram poise) right one notch at a time. When the indicator drops below the fixed mark, move the poise left one notch.

What is gravity? Center of Gravity The two forks are balanced on the edge of the glass by a toothpick. http://dev.physicslab.org/Document.aspx?doctype=3&filename=RotaryMotion_CenterMass.xml

questions: Experiment: Science experiment : Gravity and Weight If you drop a shoe and a piece of paper crumpled into a ball from the same height, which would hit the ground first and why? Experiment: 1.Hold the shoe in one hand and the paper ball in the other. 2.Hold both objects high in front of you at equal heights. 3.Release both objects at the same time questions: •Who thinks the shoe will hit the floor first? •Who thinks the paper ball will hit the floor first? •Who thinks both objects will hit the floor at the same time? Observation: The shoe and the paper ball hit the floor at the same time. Explanation: All objects fall at the same rate, regardless of their mass How fast something falls isn't dependant on the mass of the object. Acceleration due to gravity is a constant regardless of the mass of the object. The force at which the object hits the ground is dependant on the mass but not how fast those objects fall, as this is a constant – gravity causes the same acceleration for everything

star A sphere of gas massive enough to generate light and heat through nuclear reactions that transform hydrogen into helium in its core.

Stars brown dwarf : Star whose mass is not sufficient to generate a nuclear reaction. main-sequence star: Star whose mass is sufficient to generate a nuclear reaction. planetary nebula : Expanding gaseous envelope that corresponds to the external layer of a red giant that is gradually fading away. black dwarf: Dead star, likely the residue of a dwarf that has totally exhausted its energy resources. low-mass stars : Stars whose mass is less than 1.5 times that of the Sun. red giant : An old star whose hydrogen reserve has been exhausted; its luminosity can be 100 times that of the Sun. white dwarf : An old, extremely dense star of faint luminosity, formed by the nucleus of a red giant contracting until it reaches the size of Earth. Nova: A white dwarf that assimilates gaseous matter from a neighboring star, suddenly becoming extremely bright before it returns to its initial brightness.

Star massive stars: Stars whose mass is more than 1.5 times that of the Sun; can be up to 50 times the mass of the Sun. Supergiant: An old, extremely luminous star of considerable mass; its diameter can be as much as 100 times that of the Sun. neutron star : Star formed of compressed neutrons, believed to be the residue of a supernova explosion. Supernova : A supergiant that collapses onto itself and explodes with such force that it releases more energy than millions of suns. pulsar : A neutron star that rotates rapidly on itself, thereby emitting regular radio waves. black hole : Results when the core of a massive star collapses; the gravitational force is so strong that not even light can escape.

Big Bang Theory Reefer to the other PowerPoint

solar eclipse Obscuration of the Sun brought about by the passage of the Moon between Earth and the Sun.

lunar eclipse Eclipse during which the Moon enters Earth’s umbra shadow in part or in full.

Ellipses and Circles An ellipse is a geometrical shape that looks much like a squashed circle. To draw one, tie the ends of a string around two fixed points that are placed on a piece of paper (see Figure 1). With a pencil, draw a curve by pulling the string taut and sweeping it around the paper. The places where the two points are located are called the ellipse’s foci (plural of focus). The length of the long axis of the ellipse is called its major axis. The smaller axis, perpendicular to the major axis, is called the minor axis

Ellipses and Circles

http://www. theguardian http://www.theguardian.com/science/video/2012/nov/23/newton-channel-planetary-ellipses-video

Reference Very good URL http://www.iop.org/resources/videos/education/classroom/astronomy /page_51897.html https://suite.io/carol-wells-2/43rj2xr