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Question 1 Which of the following are terrestrial planets? Only Earth Earth, Moon, and Venus Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Pluto Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Ceres Answer: c © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Terrestrial planets are “Earth-like.” Question 1 Which of the following are terrestrial planets? Only Earth Earth, Moon, and Venus Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Pluto Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Ceres Terrestrial planets are “Earth-like.” © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 2 The major difference(s) between the terrestrial and jovian planets involve(s) mass. density. surface gravity. density and surface gravity. mass and density. Answer: e © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 2 The major difference(s) between the terrestrial and jovian planets involve(s) mass. density. surface gravity. density and surface gravity. mass and density. Jovian planets are more massive, but less dense, than terrestrial planets. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 3 Which of the following defines density? Mass times surface gravity Mass divided by volume Size divided by weight Mass times surface area Weight divided by size Answer: b © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 3 Which of the following defines density? Mass times surface gravity Mass divided by volume Size divided by weight Mass times surface area Weight divided by size Explanation: Density can be thought of as Matter Space Lots of matter in a small space = high density. Little matter in a large space = low density. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 4 The angular diameter of an object increases if the object is farther away. decreases if the object is farther away. is measured in light-years. determines its parallax. depends on its location in the sky. Answer: b © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 4 The angular diameter of an object increases if the object is farther away. decreases if the object is farther away. is measured in light-years. determines its parallax. depends on its location in the sky. Explanation: Angular diameter depends directly on size and inversely on distance. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 5 Compared with terrestrial planets, jovian planets share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT low density. large size. many moons. ring systems. slower rotation. Answer: e © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 5 Compared with terrestrial planets, jovian planets share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT low density. large size. many moons. ring systems. slower rotation. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 6 Pluto seems to be more similar to the terrestrial planets. the jovian planets. asteroids. the moons of jovian planets. the moons of terrestrial planets. Answer: d © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 6 Pluto seems to be more similar to the terrestrial planets. the jovian planets. asteroids. the moons of jovian planets. the moons of terrestrial planets. Explanation: Pluto is perhaps best categorized as a Kuiper belt object rather than a planet. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 7 Most asteroids are found beyond the orbit of Neptune. between Earth and the Sun. between Mars and Jupiter. in the orbit of Jupiter, but 60 degrees ahead or behind it. orbiting the jovian planets in captured, retrograde orbits. Answer: c © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 7 Most asteroids are found beyond the orbit of Neptune. between Earth and the Sun. between Mars and Jupiter. in the orbit of Jupiter, but 60 degrees ahead or behind it. orbiting the jovian planets in captured, retrograde orbits. The asteroid belt is located between 2.1 and 3.3 AU from the Sun. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 8 The asteroid belt is evidence of a planet that once orbited the Sun but later was destroyed. ancient material from the formation of the solar system. a collision between Jupiter and one of its larger moons. comets that were trapped by Jupiter’s gravitational field. Answer: b © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 8 The asteroid belt is evidence of a planet that once orbited the Sun but later was destroyed. ancient material from the formation of the solar system. a collision between Jupiter and one of its larger moons. comets that were trapped by Jupiter’s gravitational field. Explanation: Asteroids, meteoroids, and comets may have not changed at all since the solar system formed. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 9 Compared to asteroids, comets show all of these properties EXCEPT their densities are higher. their orbits tend to be less circular. they tend to be made of ice. they can look fuzzy, whereas asteroids appear as moving points of light. their average distances from the Sun are far greater. Answer: a © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 9 Compared to asteroids, comets show all of these properties EXCEPT their densities are higher. their orbits tend to be less circular. they tend to be made of ice. they can look fuzzy, whereas asteroids appear as moving points of light. their average distances from the Sun are far greater. Explanation: Comets have densities much lower than asteroids or planets. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 10 What causes a meteor shower? A comet and an asteroid colliding Earth running into a stray swarm of asteroids Earth running into the debris of an old comet littering its orbit Meteorites being ejected from the Moon Debris from a supernova entering Earth’s atmosphere Answer: c © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 10 What causes a meteor shower? A comet and an asteroid colliding Earth running into a stray swarm of asteroids Earth running into the debris of an old comet littering its orbit Meteorites being ejected from the Moon Debris from a supernova entering Earth’s atmosphere Explanation: Meteor showers can generate a few shooting stars, to hundreds of thousands, seen in an hour. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 11 Any theory of the origin of the solar system must explain all of these EXCEPT the orbits of the planets are nearly circular and in the same plane. the direction that planets orbit the Sun is opposite to the Sun’s spin. the terrestrial planets have higher density and lower mass. comets do not necessarily orbit in the plane of the solar system. Answer: b © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 11 Any theory of the origin of the solar system must explain all of these EXCEPT the orbits of the planets are nearly circular and in the same plane. the direction that planets orbit the Sun is opposite to the Sun’s spin. the terrestrial planets have higher density and lower mass. comets do not necessarily orbit in the plane of the solar system. Explanation: The planets do orbit in the same direction that the Sun spins. Most also spin in that direction, and most also have large moons that orbit in that direction. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 12 The condensation sequence theory explains why our planet Earth has water and rain. stars are more likely to form large planets orbiting very near. terrestrial planets are different from jovian planets. the Moon formed near Earth. Pluto has such a circular orbit. Answer: c © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 12 The condensation sequence theory explains why our planet Earth has water and rain. stars are more likely to form large planets orbiting very near. terrestrial planets are different from jovian planets. the Moon formed near Earth. Pluto has such a circular orbit. Explanation: The condensation sequence theory explains how the temperature of the early solar nebula controls which materials are solid and which are gaseous. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 13 Astronomers have detected most extrasolar planets by observing the “wobble” of their parent stars using spectroscopy. starlight reflected by their surfaces. eclipses when the planets block the light of their parent stars. the planets’ changing phases as they orbit their stars. Answer: a © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 13 Astronomers have detected most extrasolar planets by observing the “wobble” of their parent stars using spectroscopy. starlight reflected by their surfaces. eclipses when the planets block the light of their parent stars. the planets’ changing phases as they orbit their stars. Explanation: Measurements of the periodic Doppler shift in the spectra of the star 51 Pegasi indicate it has a planetary companion. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 14 Extrasolar planets the size of Earth have NOT yet been seen with current techniques because small planets probably don’t exist. the large planets nearby have swept them up. Earth-like planets take time to form. large planets orbiting near their stars are more easily detected. small planets can only be seen if they cross in front of their star. Answer: d © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 14 Extrasolar planets the size of Earth have NOT yet been seen with current techniques because small planets probably don’t exist. the large planets nearby have swept them up. Earth-like planets take time to form. large planets orbiting near their stars are more easily detected. small planets can only be seen if they cross in front of their star. Explanation: Looking for detectable “wobbles” in the spectra of stars finds massive planets with small orbits. Other techniques may be needed to see less massive Earth-like planets. © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.