Plastic material basics

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Presentation transcript:

Plastic material basics Chemistry Ways to classify What else than polymer in plastics Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Are all plastics the same? Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Features of plastics Light Flexible Impact resistance Good corrosion resistance Good chemical resistance Easy to form Good insulator  bad conductor Does not stand high temperatures Creep Cracking by tension Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Ways to classify plastics Thermosets / thermoplastics /elastomers Commodity polymers / engineering polymers / high performance polymers Synthetic plastics / natural plastics Expensive high performance polymers Price engineering polymers Cheap Commodity polymers Amorphous Crystalline (Elastomeres) Thermoplastics Thermosets Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Polymer Mineral oil = carbon + hydrogen + Silicone oxide Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Plastics Polymer Fillers Additives Reinforcements Pigments Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Polymer Addition polymerization Pressure Heat catalyst Condensation polymerization Water breaks out from joint Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Length of molecule =>mol mass Methane CH4 gas Pentane C5H12 fluid Solid paraffin Wax Plastics e.g. PE - LD Entanglement and molecular weight increases to the right Strength increases to the right Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Amorphous plastics Can be transparent Small shrinkage Poor chemical strength PS, PVC, PC, PMMA Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Crystalline polymer Wear resistant Big shrinkage Good chemical strength PE, PP, PET Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Chemical bond Secondary bond (weak) covalent bond(strong) Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Thermoplastics Straight chains From chain to an other weak force Melts Reformable Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Thermosets Cross links Does not melt by adding heat Good heat resistance Good mechanical strength Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Fillers over 10% Expense reduction Smaller shrinkage calcite talc kaoline Glass balls Carbon Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Colour pigments Effects on plastics properties Natural colour of polymer Master batch, pasta, liquid and powder Less than 0,1 % in a product Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Additives From fractions of % to some % Softeners Lubricates UV-resistance Combustion modifiers Blowing agents Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

Reinforcements Glass fibre Carbon fibre Aramid fibre (Kevlar)‏ Natural fibres Cellulose Hemp Linen Cotton Muoviteknologia Teppo Vienamo

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