International Business, 8th Edition

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International Business, 8th Edition Griffin & Pustay Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives Describe how demand and supply determine the price of foreign exchange Discuss the role of international banks in the foreign-exchange market Assess the different ways firms can use the spot and forward markets to settle international transactions Summarize the role of arbitrage in the foreign-exchange market Discuss the important aspects of the international capital market Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Economics of Foreign Exchange Foreign exchange: a commodity that consists of currencies issued by countries other than one’s own. Price of foreign exchange: set by demand and supply in the marketplace. (given a flexible exchange rate system) Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Economics of Foreign Exchange: The Market for Yen Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Economics of Foreign Exchange: Foreign Exchange Rate Quotes Direct Exchange Rate (or Direct Quote) Indirect Exchange Rate (or Indirect Quote) Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Structure of the Foreign Exchange Market: The Role of Banks Major Players International Banks Corporate Treasurers Pension Funds Hedge Funds Insurance Companies Central Banks Treasury Departments International Banks Spread between the Bid and Ask Prices Wholesale Market Retail Market Interbank Transactions Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Functions of the Foreign Exchange Market Currency Conversion. Currency Hedging. Currency Arbitrage. Currency Speculation. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Structure of the Foreign Exchange Market Clients Commercial Customers Exchange-Rate Speculators Currency Arbitrageurs Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Structure of the Foreign Exchange Market Types of Currencies Convertible/Hard Inconvertible/Soft Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Structure of the Foreign Exchange Market: Hedging Foreign-exchange Risks Spot Market Forward Market Swap Transaction Currency Futures Currency Options Call Option Put Option Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Structure of the Foreign Exchange Market: Arbitrage and the Currency Market Arbitrage of Goods Law of One Price Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Arbitrage of Money Two-Point/Geographic Arbitrage Three-Point Arbitrage Covered Interest Arbitrage Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

International Capital Market: Major International Banks The international banking system is centered in large money market banks headquartered in the world’s financial centers—Japan, the United States, and the European Union. These banks are involved in international commerce on a global scale (see Table 8.1). Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

International Capital Market Capital market – system that allocates financial resources in the form of debt and equity according to their most efficient uses. International capital market – a network of individuals, companies, financial institutions and government that invest across national boundaries. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

International Capital Market: Major International Banks Forms services Correspondent Relationship Subsidiary Bank Branch Bank Affiliated Bank Commercial Banking Services Investment Banking Services Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

International Capital Market: Functions. Expands the money supply for borrowers. Reduces the cost of money for borrowers. Reduces risk for lender. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

International Capital Market: The main components. International Bond Market Eurobond Foreign bond Global bond International Equity Market Factors for the growth in equity market Eurocurrency Market Eurocurrency Euro loan LIBOR Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

International Capital Market: Offshore Financial Centers Political Stability Regulatory Climate Communications Links Other Expertise Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.