Components of Construction part 2 Housing I Objective 6.02

Today we are going to discuss Roofing, Insulation, Electrical Systems, Plumbing Systems, and Heating/Cooling Systems.

Structural Roofing Common roofing materials include asphalt, fiberglass, vinyl, wood, tile, slate, concrete, and metal. The materials add color and texture BUT are necessary as a protective layer. They must be watertight because water can damage the structure and the contents.

Read p.203-205 (Roofing Materials) Most roofs are sloped. Why do think this is true? Most roofs are covered with ________________. What is the definition of shingles? What are shingles made of? What are shakes? What do shingles need to be treated with? What type of roofing is popular in hot climates? What do they require because of their weight? Are they more or less expensive than shingles? What type of metals are used in roofing?

Asphalt Shingles

Asphalt Shingles

Shakes

Shakes

Slate Roof

Tile Roof

Metal Roof

Insulation Insulation is a material that is used to restrict the flow of air between a house’s interior and the outdoors. Keeps heating and cooling bills down. Insulation in a house should be thickest over the ceiling. Insulation is rated by it’s R-value. The larger the R-value the more resistant the material is to the movement of heat. (ex. R-38 it better than R- 22)

Insulation Insulation comes in different forms and two of them are BLANKET INSULATION and LOOSE FILL INSULATION. BLANKET INSULATION comes in long rolls or batts. It is commonly used in attics, floors, walls, and around pipes and ducts. LOOSE FILL INSULATION is used in spaces where other types of insulation are difficult to install. It can be used where blanket insulation is used. It is sometimes referred to as blown insulation.

Insulation

Electrical System-facts-to-know The service entrance panel (PANEL BOX) is a large metal box that receives power from the electric company. The PANEL BOX divides the power into individual circuits. To protect each circuit from TOO MUCH POWER there are two different protective devices. 1. Fuse 2. Circuit breaker

When There is an OVERLOAD Fuse: a device used to open an electrical current when an overload occurs. (used in older homes mainly) Circuit Breaker: a switch that automatically interrupts an electrical current in an abnormal condition. (used mainly in newer homes) SEE DIAGRAM ON PAGE 219

Electrical Panel

The electricity runs to outlets or receptacles The electricity runs to outlets or receptacles. This is where you plug things into the wall. These receptacles have a ground fault. A ground fault helps reduce the risk of electric shock in kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoors.

PLUMBING

The plumbing system in a house provides water to the house and removes waterborne waste from the home.

Plumbing Water comes to your house UNDER PRESSURE from a community water main or from a private well. It enters the house through a pipe called the building main. The water then flows to separate cold and hot water mains. The hot water main starts at the water heater. Then the hot water and cold water travel throughout the house to each fixture.

More PLUMBING Piping for the water supply system is located in the floor, walls, or ceiling. A shutoff valve makes it possible to repair separate parts of the system without shutting off the water for the entire house.

Now for the waterborne wastes… Guess where it mainly comes from? The bathroom But also comes from the kitchen and laundry areas

Good news for you… The water disposal pipes are COMPLETELY separate from the water supply system. These pipes are not pressurized and they rely on gravity. Wastewater that leaves a house moves either to community sewer line or to a septic tank.

Our last systems…YAY!!!

Heating/Cooling systems… first the HEATING The heating systems we are going to look at is Forced air Radiant heat Heat pump Portable

Forced Air System The air is heated by a furnace and travels through ducts to rooms. Duct work is located under floors and above ceilings. Gas, oil, or electricity are used to heat the air in the furnace. See picture on page 223

How a FORCED AIR SYSTEM WORKS Gas, oil, or electricity is used to heat the air in the furnace. A blower moves the heated air through the ducts to the rooms. A separate set of ducts, called cold-air return, Carries the cool air from each room back to the furnace. This continues until the rooms are heated to the temperature the thermostat is set on. (Thermostat is the device for regulating room temperature.)

Radiant Heat Uses wiring to produce heat in the wire The wire is placed in the ceiling, floor, or baseboards. The heat “radiates” out. There is no air vents or radiators so furniture placement is not limited. The disadvantage is it is and expensive way to heat the house because of the amount of electricity used.

Heat Pump A heat pump heats and cools the house. In the summer it takes the warm air and cools it and in the winter takes the cool air and heats it. For the air conditioner it has a liquid refrigerant (Freon) A HEAT PUMP IS THE MOST EFFICIENT SYSTEM FOR AREAS WITH MODERATE TO MILD WINTER CLIMATES. It cost more than other heating systems but you don’t have to purchase a separate air conditioning system.

Portable heating sources Can help in drafty rooms or rooms that are cooler than the other rooms in the house. There are many types but all should be kept away from anything flammable especially drapes. You should never go to sleep and leave a portable system turned on. Window units are portable air conditioning units.

I know this was long but you made it!!!!

Assignment: Complete Chapter 9 To Review on pp. 235 and 236 (Questions 1 – 11) & To Think About It on p 236 (Questions 1 – 3)