What are good next studies to run?* If it doesn’t work, but you believe in your theory, think about ways to change your experiment Draw upon what you are hearing from participants and initial examinations of the data

What are good next studies to run?* If it does work… 1. Eliminating alternative explanations e.g., jam study and potential self-selection 2. Broadening beyond one manipulation or dv e.g., jam -> extra credit assignment 3. Demonstrating why it is important (behaviorally) e.g., 401k

What are good next studies to run?* 4. Understanding the process (start with a theory) a. Finding a moderator of the effect – what turns the effect off e.g., giving people sugar e.g. of theory: greater # require more cognitive resources -> people get tired and go somewhere else

What are good next studies to run?* b. Identifying a subset of people for whom the effect is different e.g., people who are used to making a lot of choices? c. Finding a mediating variable e.g., measure resource depletion and see if that mediates the link between # of choices and purchasing behavior e.g. of theory: greater # require more cognitive resources -> people get tired and go somewhere else

Randomizing conditions* Enter conditions (e.g., 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2) Enter =RAND() in the top cell to the right Drag the formula down Copy the entire rand column and paste values (paste special) over itself Highlight the condition and rand column and sort

Creating a data template* Creating a data template in Excel Variable names across the top Subject #s down Column A One subject per row Freezing panes Entering logsheet separately from data template

Excel formulas* Predefined syntax that allows you to automate repetitive calculations and tasks Two components: Arguments: what you enter in (e.g., cell references, numbers) Syntax: text and punctuation predetermined by Excel Over 350 formulas in 10 categories: Database, Date and Time, Engineering, Financial, Information, Logical, Lookup, Math, Text and Data, and Statistical functions

Excel formulas* List of Excel formulas & what they do: http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel/HP052042111033.aspx

Excel formula example: IF* IF allows you to enact different outcomes depending on what is in a cell = IF(logic test, value if true, value if false)

Excel formula example: IF*

Excel formula example: IF*

Excel formula example: IF* Nested IFs = IF(logic test, value if true, value if false) = IF(logic test #1, value if true, IF(logic test#2), value if true, value if false)

VLOOKUP* 1. Select the cell where you want to insert the function (J2) 2. Click insert function (fx)

VLOOKUP* Merging logsheet and datasheet using VLOOKUP

Absolute and relative cell references* By default, cell references are relative: They shift when they are copied Sometimes you want an absolute cell reference, which stays the same Use a $ in front of the letter and/or number =VLOOKUP($A2,logsheet!$A$1:$E$6,2,FALSE)

VLOOKUP* Fill in other logsheet columns by changing col_index_num =VLOOKUP($A2,logsheet!$A$1:$E$6,3,FALSE) Format cells Prepping for SPSS: Creating new tab with “toSPSS” name Pasting values Eliminating extraneous text

Pivot tables* Select the data Data > PivotTable and PivotChart Report Select Microsoft Excel list or database and PivotTable Click Next.

Pivot tables Range: Select the cells with the relevant data Select New worksheet

Pivot tables Drag variable names to row Drag other variable name to column Can use page, if three independent variables It’s okay to use a bit of trial and error