Physics 11 – Prince of Wales Jamie Nielsen

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Presentation transcript:

Physics 11 – Prince of Wales Jamie Nielsen Waves -2 Physics 11 – Prince of Wales Jamie Nielsen

Parts of a Transverse Wave The crest is the highest point on a wave.

Parts of a Transverse Wave The trough is the valley between two waves, is the lowest point.

Parts of a Transverse Wave The wavelength is the horizontal distance, either between the crests or troughs of two consecutive waves.

Parts of a Transverse Wave The amplitude is the peak (greatest) value (either positive or negative) of a wave. The distance from the undisturbed level to the trough or crest.

An ocean wave is an example of a mechanical transverse wave

Parts of a Compressional Wave (Longitudinal) The compression is the part of the compressional wave where the particles are crowded together.

Parts of a Compressional Wave (Longitudinal) The rarefaction is the part of the compressional wave where the particles are spread apart.

Parts of a Compressional Wave (Longitudinal) The wavelength is the distance from compression to compression or rarefaction to rarefaction in a compressional wave.

Wave frequency We know that frequency measure how often something happens over a certain amount of time. We can measure how many times a pulse passes a fixed point over a given amount of time, and this will give us the frequency. we use the term Hertz (Hz) to stand for cycles per second.

Wave frequency Suppose I wiggle a slinky back and forth, and count that 6 waves pass a point in 2 seconds. What would the frequency be?

Wave Period It is the time it takes for one cycle to complete. It also is the reciprocal of the frequency. T = 1 / f f = 1 / T

Wave Speed We can use what we know to determine how fast a wave is moving. What is the formula for velocity? velocity = distance / time What distance do we know about a wave wavelength and what time do we know period

Wave Speed so if we plug these in we get velocity = length of pulse / time for pulse to move pass a fixed point v =  / T we will use the symbol  to represent wavelength

Wave Speed velocity = frequency * wavelength v =  / T but what does T equal T = 1 / f so we can also write: v = f  velocity = frequency * wavelength This is known as the wave equation.

Boundary Behavior The behavior of a wave when it reaches the end of its medium is called the wave’s BOUNDARY BEHAVIOR. When one medium ends and another begins, that is called a boundary.

Fixed End One type of boundary that a wave may encounter is that it may be attached to a fixed end. In this case, the end of the medium will not be able to move. What is going to happen if a wave pulse goes down this string and encounters the fixed end?

Fixed End Here the incident pulse is an upward pulse. The reflected pulse is upside-down. It is inverted. The reflected pulse has the same speed, wavelength, and amplitude as the incident pulse.

Free End Another boundary type is when a wave’s medium is attached to a stationary object as a free end. In this situation, the end of the medium is allowed to slide up and down. What would happen in this case?

Free End Here the reflected pulse is not inverted. It is identical to the incident pulse, except it is moving in the opposite direction. The speed, wavelength, and amplitude are the same as the incident pulse.

Standing Waves